Malignant Degeneration of a Mature Ovarian Teratoma

Mature cystic teratoma is the most common type of ovarian germ cell neoplasm, but occasionally, it can undergo malignant transformations, especially in postmenopausal women. These secondary malignant neoplasms are most commonly squamous cell carcinomas. The absence of clinical and radiological specificity of this transformation means that the diagnosis remains purely histological. Data is insufficient regarding the appropriate management given their rarity. However, the treatment is multidisciplinary and is based on surgery and a platinum-based chemotherapy regimen. We report the case of a 53-year-old postmenopausal female patient with malignant transformation of the ovarian teratoma who was treated surgically and whose outcome was favorable. The diagnosis of the teratoma was evoked on imaging, while the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma was revealed on histology. Malignant transformation is an uncommon complication of mature ovarian teratomas. No clinical, radiological, or biological sign is specific; therefore, resection of any ovarian mass, even asymptomatic, is required.

Menstrual knowledge associated with adolescent’s attitude of intellectual disability on facing menstruation in Bantul, Indonesia

Background: Menstruation is an important event in puberty as a biological sign of sexual maturity for young women. Adolescent with intellectual disability has the same stage of biological development as normal adolescent. Menstruation often causes many problems such as menstrual pain, emotional changes and menstrual personal hygiene (such as: using sanitary napkins). It causes a lot of negative reactions and anxiety. The phenomenon that has often happened in community is feeling taboo to discuss menstrual problems, so that adolescents are not well informed. Objective of this study was to determine the association between menstrual knowledge with adolescent’s attitude of mental retardation (intellectual disability) on facing menstruation.Methods: This research is a descriptive analytic with a cross-sectional study. It was conducted at SLB Masudi Putra I and II Bantul, in August to October 2018 with intellectual disability adolescents who experienced menstruation, those were 39 respondents. Data collection is done by using a questionnaire. Bivariate analysis was done by the Spearman rank test.Results: The results of this research indicate that the percentages of adolescent’s knowledge of intellectual disability on facing menstruation were in medium category of 16 respondents (41.0%), and adolescent’s attitude of intellectual disability on facing menstruation mostly were negative of 24 respondents (61.5%) with p-value 0.001 (p<0.05 ) and the correlation coefficient (r) is positive at 0.495. It shows that there is an association between menstrual knowledge with adolescent’s attitude on facing menstruation with the closeness of the correlation in medium category.Conclusions: There were an association between menstrual knowledge with adolescent’s attitude of intellectual disability on facing menstruation at SLB Marsudi Putra Bantul with p-value 0.001 (p<0.05).

Optic neuritis revealing Kikuchi–Fujimoto disease

Kikuchi–Fujimoto disease is a rare systemic disease with uncommon neurological involvement. We report the case of a 30-year-old Asian woman who presented a rapidly progressive loss of vision. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the optic nerve revealed an inflammation of the left optic nerve with chiasmatic involvement, without any encephalic or medullar lesion. Thoracic computed tomography scan showed bilateral axillary lymphadenopathy. Analysis of a biopsy of the axillary lymph node showed typical histological findings of Kikuchi–Fujimoto disease. There was no clinical or biological sign of associated systemic lupus erythematosus. The patient spontaneously recovered normal visual acuity in 4 weeks, with resolution of MRI abnormalities. No optic neuritis relapse or neurological event occurred in a 3-year follow-up. To our knowledge this is the first case of optic neuritis associated with Kikuchi–Fujimoto disease.

Ultrasound Imaging in Animal Models of Human Disease—Is it a Step Toward Early Diagnosis in Humans?

Despite extensive research, cancer of the ovaries remains a major medical problem. The main reason is delay in diagnosis and hence, poor prognosis. This is due to issues in screening and a lack of specific symptoms in early disease. Yearly ultrasound examination and measurement of serum CA125 remain the recommended method despite less than ideal results. Animal research plays a major role in medical research, especially in cancer. Many publications describe the use of ultrasound in cancer research in a large variety of animals. Bmode, spectral and color Doppler have been employed and, more recently, ultrasound contrast agents, both for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. We have demonstrated that ultrasound can be used to detect early ovarian cancer in the egg-laying chicken. The major advantage is that chickens develop spontaneous ovarian cancer, with a tumor histology that is identical to humans. Furthermore, chickens with ovarian tumors have serum anti-tumor antibodies similar to humans. In addition, the first sign that the egg-laying chicken is going to develop cancer is that it stops laying eggs prematurely.* Thus, a strong biological sign exists to categorize the chicken in a very high risk group, allowing sequential examinations at very close intervals. We have also shown that ultrasound contrast agents may be used for visualization of ovarian vascularity, a step, we hope, in the development of better methods for screening and early diagnosis.