A global perspective on suicides and suicide attempts

Specific populations at risk for suicide differ considerably according to region, country, sex, age, and the most common suicide methods used, highlighting the need for ongoing systematic surveillance to inform prevention efforts. The magnitude of the problem is not limited to suicide deaths. It is estimated that for every suicide, there are 20 more persons who have made an attempt. Individuals who have made a suicide attempt are at increased risk for dying by suicide. This chapter explores differences in the suicide and suicide attempt rates in the general population on different continents, by examining data from the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Health Estimates and the World Mental Health Survey Initiative. Differences across contexts in suicidal behaviours and the need for ongoing monitoring are emphasized.

Depression in Someone Who Has Divorce

Depression disorder is a type of mental illness that often occurs in the community. Theprevalence of depressive disorders in Indonesia is as much as 11.60% of the total population inIndonesia around 24.708,000 people and 50 percent occur at the age of 20-50 years (MOH,2011). In addition, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2011, Depression is acomplex disorder that affects more than 120 million people worldwide (Lepine & Briley, 2011)and is predicted to be the second-largest cause of disability in the world by 2020. In 2012 theWHO estimated depression to strike 350 million people (WHO, 2012). A survey conducted bythe World Mental Health Survey of 17 countries found that on average 1 in 20 peopleexperience depression.

Family history as an important factor for stratifying participants in genetic studies of major depression

Depression is estimated to affect 350 million people worldwide. The World Mental Health Survey conducted in 17 countries found that, on average, about one in 20 people reported having an episode of depression in the previous year. Although depression has been shown to be moderately heritable by studies conducted in the past, the search for its so-called missing heritability has so far been unsuccessful. The difficulty in identifying common genetic variants predisposing to depression could be due to large sample sizes needed to detect small effects on genetic risk and the heterogeneous nature of major depressive disorder (MDD). The aim of our study was to determine whether there was a connection between a family history of depression in MDD patients and the presence of putative risk variants in the well-studied SLC6A4, COMT and PCLO genes. We analyzed 133 patients with MDD (30.0% with a positive family history for MDD and 70.0% sporadic cases) and compared them to 279 healthy controls. When comparing all the depressed patients to controls, no significant differences in genotype and allele distributions were detected. After stratifying patients according to their family history, the PCLO rs2522833 C allele was shown to be significantly less common in patients with a positive family history (p = 0.001), indicating a possible difference in the genetic structure of MDD between familial and sporadic cases and a less important role of the common genetic risk variants for the development of MDD in familial cases.