Kidney disease-focused features on examination

Examination depends on the context and clinical presentation and the emphasis will be different too. Tell-tale signs are often unnoticed in the general examination of the eyes (lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency, Fabry disease, corneal calcification), the skin (vasculitis, Anderson–Fabry disease), the optic fundus (haemorrhages and exudates, papilloedema), and the hands (nail patella syndrome, splinter haemorrhages of systemic lupus erythematosus, and subacute bacterial endocarditis). Many of these are illustrated. The regular review of patients on dialysis or with a kidney transplant is also considered.