Prevalence of bifid and trifid mandibular canal by panoramic radiograph at RSGM Unsyiah Banda Aceh: data from April 2012 to March 2017

The mandibular canal bifid and trifid are variations of the mandibular canal. This variation of themandibular canal is essential to recognize in surgical procedures involving mandibles, such as extraction ofimpacted third molars, dental implant treatment, and sagittal split ramus osteotomy. The purpose of this study wasto determine the prevalence of bifid and trifid mandibular canal by panoramic radiograph at RSGM Unsyiah BandaAceh. This research method is descriptive by collecting secondary data in the form of panoramic images frompatients visiting RSGM Unsyiah Banda Aceh for April 2012-March 2017. A total of 2,478 panoramic radiographphotos collected showed the bifid mandibular canal is 1.25%. Based on sex, 21 photos (67.74%) of the bifidmandibular canal cases in women and ten photos (32.26%) in men. Based on the position of the bifid mandibularcanal, 9 images (29.03%) unilateral/ right-sided, 15 photos (48.39%) were unilateral/left side, and seven photos(22.58%) bilateral. KEYWORDS: bifid mandibular canal, panoramic, prevalence, trifid mandibular canal

Bifid Mandibular Canals - A Case Report and Mini Review

Although the mandibular canal is considered as a single bilateral structure, there are several reports in the literature which gives evidence of a second or even a third accessory mandibular canal. Bifid mandibular canals may originate from the mandibular foramen independently or might bifurcate from a single canal during its course inside the mandible. This report describes a case of a bilateral Bifid mandibular canal suspected by a panoramic radiograph and confirmed by a CBCT prior to a dental treatment.

Assessing the Prevalence and Morphological Characteristics of Bifid Mandibular Canal Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography – A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence, location and configuration of bifid mandibular canals so as to avoid injury to the nerve and inadequate anesthesia during surgical procedures. Materials and Methods: CBCT scan of 203 patients (125 males and 78 females) was evaluated for the presence and the type of the bifid mandibular canal. They were classified according to Nortje et al. The prevalence rates were determined according to gender, location, and type of bifid mandibular canal. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS software version 24. Results: The prevalence rate of bifid mandibular canals was found to be 10.3% with 12.8% in males and 6.4% in females. The Chi-square test reveals there is a statistically significant difference between the different locations of bifid mandibular canals and most of the canals were present on the right side. The most frequent type of bifid mandibular canal observed was type II dental canal (38.1%), followed by type III forward canal (28.6%), type I retromolar canal (14.3%), and type IV buccolingual canal (14.3%). Conclusion: CBCT is suggested for a detailed evaluation and identification of bifid mandibular canals before any surgical procedures to avoid post-operative complications.