An Observational Study to Determine Severity and Complications Associated with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with Special Emphasis on Riskfactors

Introduction: The clinical spectrum of NAFLD is wide extending and ranges from NAFL to NASH, advanced fibrosis, cirrhosis, HCC. It has emerged as the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide in adults and children's. NAFLD is commonly linked with MS such as obesity, DM, H0TN, hypercholesterolemia. Methods: This is an observational study conducted to determine risk factor, severity and complication associated with NAFLD. Data was collected from outpatient and inpatients of gastroenterology department and also through patient or care taker interview. Result: A total of 112 cases of liver disease were observed among them 61 cases were found with NAFLD. Majority of cases were examined with Grade I fatty liver. Males were more prone to develop NAFLD and the most highest prevalence was found in the age group 51-70yrs. DM is the main RF and PHTN is the common complication observed. Beta blocker, ARB, statins, are frequently observed prescribed drugs to manage risk factors and complication. Hepatoprotective drugs like ursodeoxycholic acid, SAMe are given. Conclusion: The study concluded that the prevalence of Grade I fatty liver was high followed by CLD. Further, patients with NAFLD were predominantly middle aged men, most of whom were overweight and obese. Prevalence of NAFLD appears to be substantially higher than that predicted on basis of elevated ALT levels. Male sex, BMI, abnormal transaminase level, and MS were independently associated with ultrasonographic severe fatty change. Early detection, as well as steps to prevent the condition through lifestyle modification may halt the progression of a benign disease to advanced illness. Sedentary behavior or physical inactivity is a developing issue quietly putting individuals at elevated risk.

THE RISK FACTOR OF ANEMIA IN PREGNANT WOMEN IN THE CLINIC SINGGANI THE CITY OF PALU

ABSTRACT The data of WHO (2011), prevalence of anemia in pregnant women in the world of 83,2%. He highest prevalence of anemia found in pregnant women in Africa that is 94,2% and 89,5% in Asia, and 30% in Indonesia. Based on data obtained clinic Singgani, the number of pregnant women in 2015 (January-December) there are 70 people were pregnant women suffering anemia. The Purpose of this study to determine risk factor for incidence of anemia in pregnant women in the clinic Singgani the city Palu. This research is a research survey analitic with the mechanism appoarches Case Control Study. The number of samples which is go respondent with the criteria for inclusion of pregnant women with second pregnancy and axamination Hb. The analysis is used in this study is the analysis of a univariate and bivariate with the test Odds Ratio (OR). The result with the Odds Ratio shows that he was not a risk factor of anemia in pregnant women with OR = 1,000 = 1, Parity is the risk of anemia in pregnant women with OR = 1,496 > 1 and the distance of pregnancy is a risk factor of anemia in pregnant women with OR = 7,818 > 1. The conclusion in this study is the age is not a risk factor of anemia in pregnant women while parity and distance pregnancy are a risk factor of anemia in pregnant women in the clinic Singgani the city of Palu. The advice to the clinic Singgani to further improve outreach and more routine as well as active in the axamination of Hb for any pregnant women. Keyword : Age, Parity, Distance Pregnancy, Anemia

The Factors Associated with Incidence of Baby with Low Birth Weigh at Hasanuddin Damrah Hospital South Bengkulu

The purpose of this study was to determine Factors associated with Incidence of Low Baby Weight (Preeclampsia, Anemia, Dinstance of Pregnancy) at HasanuddinDamrah Hospital South Bengkulu. This study was survey analytic used case control design. Population in this study was all baby was born from mothers who were multigravida at Hasanuddin Damrah Hospital South Bengkulu 2015 with amount 0f 465 infants. Sample in this study divided by two grouf that was case grouf with the amount of 88 infants obtained with total sampling and control group with the amount of 88 infants obtained with systematic random sampling. Data analysis in this study Chi-Square, to determine closed relationship used contingency coefficient (C), while to determine risk factor used Odd Ratio (OR). The result of the study showed: (1) there were 88 infants (50%) with low Baby Weigh, (2) there was relationship between preeclampsia with Incidence of Low Baby Weigh (3) mother with preeclampsia had risk delivered with Low Baby Weigh 5,012 times compared with mother did no preeclampsia, (4) there was relationship between anaemia with Incidence of Low Baby Weigh, (5) mother with anaemia had risk delivered with Low Baby Weigh 2,778 times compared with mother did not anaemia, (6) there was relationship between distance of pregnancy with Incidence of Low Baby Weigh, (7) mother with distance of pregnancy 2 years had risk delivered with Low Baby Weigh 6,663 times compared with mother with distance of pregnancy ≥2 years.Keywords: anemia, baby, distance of pregnancy, low birth weight, preeclampsia,

Les changements qualitatifs dans le processus de renouvellement des générations: Impacts sur la mesure et la projection du besoin d'aide

This paper examines the effect of cohort heterogeneity upon the potential needs for assistance in ADL and IADL of an aging population. Variables that are important predictors of the differentiating pattern of perceived needs in the older population are subject to on-going changes as a result of cohort differentiation and cohort succession in the older ages. For those reasons, a forecasting methodology involving three phases has been developed: an identification phase of the key explanatory variables, a demographic-projection phase of socio-demographic variables identified as key variables and a phase in which risk-factor probabilities are applied to the demographic-projection output to determine the overall impact of the population change. The use of logistic regression is shown as the best strategy to determine risk-factor probabilities. This method is applied to measure the assistance needed in ADL and IADL by disabled elderly persons in Québec. The results point to the need to consider changes in intra-cohort heterogeneity between new cohorts entering the older population and old ones leaving it.