Research and Development of Natural Vegetable Insulating Oil Based on Jatropha curcas Seed Oil

Jatropha curcas is a natural non-food resource with high oil-content seeds, that has attracted worldwide attention as it is an ideal renewable resource for the production of biofuels. With the increasing use of vegetable insulating oil in related industries, it is valuable to develop the vegetable insulating oils from Jatropha curcas seed oil. This study explores how to use Jatropha curcas seed oil to prepare high-quality natural vegetable insulating oil. A six-step process is first established according to the optimization results of alkali refining, activated clay treatment and alumina treatment of Jatropha curcas seed oil, combined with cold treatment, water washing and high temperature decompression treatment. Physicochemical and electrical performance tests show that most of the properties of the prepared vegetable insulating oil are significantly improved compared with the original seed oil, and meet the standard requirements for vegetable insulating oil, especially with no sulfur corrosion, a breakdown voltage of 72 kV and an acid value (KOH, potassium hydroxide) of 0.012 mg/g.

Nd:Yag Laser to obtain Irregularities on the Inner Surface of Porcelain

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the inner surface of two ceramic systems: IPS Empress II (Ivoclar Vivadent, Germany) and In-Ceram Alumina (Vita Zahnfabrick, Germany) submitted to surface treatments, especially by Nd:YAG laser. Materials and methods Fifty samples were prepared in pellet form for each ceramic system according to manufacturers’ specifications. The samples were stored at room temperature and then be subjected to surface treatment: without treatment (T0) (control), hydrofluoric acid-etched (T1), hydrofluoric acidetched associated with the airborne particle-abraded (T2); CoJet system (T3), Nd:YAG laser (T4). The data were performed the statistical analysis by ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.001). Results The group control (T0) of the ceramics, the analysis showed the lowest roughness values; for the System Alumina In-Ceram, treatment with hydrofluoric acid (T1), associated with hydrofluoric acid and airborne particle-abraded (T2) and Nd:YAG laser (T4), had no statistically significant difference, whereas for the IPS Empress System II treatment with hydrofluoric acid (T1) and hydrofluoric acid associated with airborne particle-abraded (T2), had no statistically significant difference between the system and also CoJet (T3) and hydrofluoric acid associated with the airborne particle-abraded (T2). Photomicrographs of scanning electron microscopy showed different characteristics to the treatments for each ceramic system. Conclusion The IPS Empress II had the appearance of favoring the retention when treated with hydrofluoric acid, as well as its association with the airborne particle-abraded. Uncertainty in Alumina, treatment with hydrofluoric acid associated with the airborne particle-abraded and CoJet system and provided a surface with irregularities. With respect to the laser further studies should be performed for parameters that are ideal for your application. Clinical relevance The ceramic restorations are attractive due of their excellent esthetics and the ability to stay for long periods. However, the retention of ceramic requires further study. How to cite this article Porto TS, Porto BG, de Campos EA, de Toledo Porto-Neto S, da Silva MB, Bhandi SH, Tonetto MR, Dinelli W, Bandeca MC. Nd:Yag Laser to obtain Irregularities on the Inner Surface of Porcelain. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(6):451-457.

A Rapid Procedure for the Simultaneous Estimation of the Anticonvulsant Drugs, Ethosuximide, Phenobarbitone, Phenytoin, and Carbamazepine in Serum Using High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography

A rapid isocratic high-pressure liquid chromatography procedure for the analysis of ethosuximide, phenobarbitone, phenytoin, and carbamazepine in serum is described. The method employs a single extraction from serum; alumina treatment of this extract eliminates interference from fast-eluting compounds, allowing rapid chromatography. A linear response is obtained for drug concentrations up to three times the upper limit of the therapeutic ranges. Within-batch and between-batch precisions for the means of these ranges varied from 2·2 to 5·5% and from 3·1 to 7·5%, respectively.

Extraction and Cleanup of Fish, Sediment, and Water for Determination of Triaryl Phosphates by Gas-Liquid Chromatography

Several techniques were evaluated for extracting triphenyl phosphate (TPP), 14C-labeled TPP, cresyl diphenyl phosphate, and tricresyl phosphate isomers (o-TCP, m-TCP, and p-TCP) from fish and sediment samples. Extracts of fish samples were cleaned up by gel permeation chromatography/alumina column chromatography; sediment extracts received alumina treatment only. Compounds were determined by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) with nitrogenphosphorus detection. Methanol/Polytron and hexane/ball mill extraction of fish samples fortified at 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 μg/g levels gave overall recoveries of the 5 compounds of 89 and 97%, respectively. Methanol recovered more radioactivity (97%) from fish exposed to 14C-TPP in aquaria for 24 h than did hexane from fish exposed for 16 h (79%). Refluxing fortified sediment (0.05 and 0.5 μg/g) with methanol-water (9+1) gave significantly higher recoveries (88%) of the 5 triaryl phosphates than did dichloromethane-methanol (1+1) reflux or acetone-hexane (1+1) Soxhlet extraction. Recoveries of TPP and o-, m- and p-TCP from fortified river water (0.5, 5.0, and 50 μg/L) by shaking with dichloromethane ranged from 91 to 118%. Some problems were encountered with interfering GLC peaks at low (μg/g) levels in fish and sediment extracts despite the use of nitrogen-phosphorus specific detectors.