Preparing cationic dyeable polyamide 6 filaments by combining the masterbatch technique with melt copolymerization

Cationic dyeable polyamide 6 (CD-PA6) fiber, as a novel functional polyamide 6 (PA6) fiber, conforms to people's requirements for fashion clothing. However, due to the limitation of the hetero-end groups after caprolactam hydrolysis, it is difficult to introduce comonomers into the PA6 molecular chain to prepare PA6-based polymers with a certain molecular weight and maintain the original physical properties and spinnability. In this paper, through molecular design of PA6 segments, 5-sulfoisophthalic acid monosodium salt (5-SSIPA) was introduced into PA6 by copolymerization, and a CD-PA6 masterbatch with an addition amount of 10 wt% was prepared. CD-PA6 were prepared by blending with pure PA6 with masterbatch technology. The melt-spinning method was used to prepare CD-PA6 filaments, and they were woven into fabrics. The results show that the CD-PA6 masterbatch and PA6 have good blending compatibility. CD-PA6 filaments and fabrics maintain the excellent physical properties of PA6. When the addition amount of 5-SSIPA is 3%, the dye uptake rate of the cationic pigment exceeds 90%, and it has color affinity and excellent color fastness.

PHARMACEUTICAL DEVELOPMENT OF A FIXED DOSE COMBINATION FORM OF MEMANTINE AND CYTICOLINE WITH MODIFIED RELEASE: RESEARCH OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SUBSTANCES

The pharmaceutical development of a fixed dose combination form of citicoline and memantine for the treatment of cognitive disorders, which will improve compliance is a topical area of research. Purpose: to investigate the technological properties of the active pharmaceutical ingredients: memantine hydrochloride and citicoline monosodium salt in the framework of the development of a fixed dose combination modified release. The samples of pharmaceutical substances citicoline "Kyowa Hakko Bio Co., Ltd." (Japan) and memantine hydrochloride - Hetero Drags Limited (India) were used. Technological studies of the substances were carried out in accordance with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of the RF XIV edition. It was revealed that the particles of the investigated substances show an anisodiametric shape, the anisodiametric shape of the analyzed particles indicates possible poor flowability of APIs, which predicts difficulties in dosing during the tablet compression process. The following characteristics were studied: the ability of the powder to compaction, the bulk density and compressibility index, Hausner ratio were established. It was found that, according to the USP classification, the flowability of substances can be characterized as very, very poor. Pharmaceutical substances of memantine hydrochloride and citicoline monosodium salt have unsatisfactory technological properties, which can complicate the processes of die filling and dosing of pharmaceutical substances during tableting tablet compression. To prevent these disadvantages, it is further recommended to provide research on the possibility of using wet granulation, or the usage in the composition of the tablet mass of excipients with a high bulk density and good flowability. Thus, within the framework of pharmaceutical development, the physicochemical properties of the pharmaceutical substances memantine hydrochloride and citicoline monosodium salt were investigated.

First crystal structure of a Pigment Red 52 compound: DMSO solvate hydrate of the monosodium salt

Pigment Red 52, Na2[C18H11ClN2O6S], is an industrially produced hydrazone-laked pigment. It serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of the corresponding Ca2+ and Mn2+ salts, which are used commercially for printing inks and lacquers. Hitherto, no crystal structure of any salt of Pigment Red 52 is known. Now, single crystals have been obtained of a dimethyl sulfoxide solvate hydrate of the monosodium salt of Pigment Red 52, namely, monosodium 2-[2-(3-carboxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydronaphthalen-1-ylidene)hydrazin-1-yl]-5-chloro-4-methylbenzenesulfonate dimethyl sulfoxide monosolvate monohydrate, Na+·C18H12ClN2O6S−·H2O·C2H6OS, obtained from in-house synthesized Pigment Red 52. The crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 173 K. In this monosodium salt, the SO3 − group is deprotonated, whereas the COOH group is protonated. The residues form chains via ionic interactions and hydrogen bonds. The chains are arranged in polar/non-polar double layers.

Combined effect of arginine and fluoride on the growth of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG

The objectives of the in vitro study were: (1) to investigate the effect of combining L-arginine (Arg) and NaF on the growth of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LRG); and (2) to identify an optimum synergistic concentration for the synbiotic (Arg + LRG)-fluoride (SF) therapy. 1% Arg + 2000-ppm NaF (A-SF) and 2% Arg + 2000-ppm NaF (B-SF) demonstrated antagonism against LRG (FIC > 4.0). Both XTT (2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide) and WST-8 (2-(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, monosodium salt) assays showed that A-SF and B-SF enhanced the growth of LRG when compared to 2000-ppm NaF and LRG control. Colony forming units, bacterial weight, and biofilm thickness of A-SF and B-SF were significantly higher than 2000-ppm NaF and LRG control. Biofilm imaging depicted that 2000-ppm NaF inhibited biofilm formation; while 1%/2% Arg, A-SF, and B-SF increased biofilm growth of LRG. Lactic acid formation was the lowest for 2000-ppm NaF, followed by A-SF and then B-SF. The SF buffer potential after 24 h was the highest for B-SF, and then A-SF. Biofilm pH for B-SF was closest to neutral. Fluoride, Arg and LRG bioavailability remained unaffected in B-SF. The relative gene expression for arcA, argG, and argH was significantly higher for B-SF than the respective controls. In conclusion, combining 2% Arg, 2000-ppm NaF, and LRG provides an optimum synbiotic-fluoride synergism.

"Preparation and Study the Electrical Properties of Chitosan, Hydroxyethylcellulose, and Polyvinyl Alcohol polymer Blend Doped with Different ratios of 4-(2-Pyridylazo)Resorcinol Monosodium Salt Hydrate "

"The polymer blend of Chitosan: polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (1:1) weight percent and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) (0.5%) was prepared. The profile of the sample and its properties were measured by Fourier transfer Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) was used to describe the morphology of the polymer blend with two magnifications without any ratio of 4- (2-Pyridylazo) resorcinol monosodium salt hydrate and with 0.15 % of a 4-(2-Pyridylazo) resorcinol monosodium salt hydrate. The mechanical properties were demonstrated and characterized by Elongation and Young modulus. The polymer blend was incorporated with different weight ratios of 4-(2-Pyridylazo) of resorcinol monosodium salt hydrate, (0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.09, 0.15) gm of weight %. The current-voltage (I-V) characterization of prepared thin films showed ohmic behavior and the electrical conductivity was improved by increasing the ratio of dopant that leads all samples to reflect a semiconductor behavior.

Two monosodium salt hydrates of Colour Index Pigment Red 48

We report herein the crystal structures of a monohydrate of Colour Index Pigment Red 48 (P.R.48) (systematic name: monosodium 2-{2-[3-carboxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydronaphthalen-1-ylidene]hydrazin-1-yl}-4-chloro-5-methylbenzenesulfonate monohydrate), Na+·C18H12ClO6S−·H2O, and a dihydrate, Na+·C18H12ClO6S−·2H2O. The two monosodium salt hydrates of P.R.48 were obtained from in-house synthesized P.R.48. Both have monoclinic (P21/c) symmetry at 173 K. The crystal packing of both crystal structures shows a layer arrangement whereby N—H...O and O—H...O hydrogen bonds are formed.

Nitric Oxide as a Potential Adjuvant Therapeutic for Neuroblastoma: Effects of NO on Murine N2a Cells

Neuroblastoma, the most common extracranial solid tumor in children, accounts for 15% of all pediatric cancer deaths. Pharmaceutical applications of S-Nitrosylation, which, under normal conditions is involved with a host of epigenetic and embryological development pathways, have exhibited great potential for use as adjuvant therapeutics in the clinical management of cancer. Herein, an evaluation of the impact of nitric oxide (NO) as a potent anticancer agent on murine neuroblastoma cells is presented. Excitingly cell viability, colony formation, and non-carcinogenic cell analysis illustrate the significance and practicality of NO as a cytotoxic anticancer therapeutic. Resazurin, WST-8 (2-(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, monosodium salt), and MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphyltetrazolium bromide) assays consistently displayed a moderate, ~20–25% reduction in cell viability after exposure to 1 mM S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). A colony formation assay demonstrated that treated cells no longer exhibited colony formation capacity. Identically GSNO-treated Adult Human Dermal Fibroblasts (HDFa) exhibited no decrease in viability, indicating potential discrimination between neoplastic and normal cells. Collectively, our findings indicate a potential application for NO as an adjuvant therapeutic in the clinical management of neuroblastoma.

Pharmacokinetic Comparisons of Mangiferin and Mangiferin Monosodium Salt in Rat Plasma by UPLC-MS/MS

Mangiferin (MG) is an active component in natural medicines, and various studies have been reported on pharmacological effects, but the low solubility and bioavailability of MG limit its wide application. The aim of the present study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic profiles of mangiferin (MG) and mangiferin monosodium salt (MG-Na) in rat plasma by UPLC-MS/MS, which were then compared between the two groups. An appropriate high sensitivity and selectivity ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was applied to the comparison of plasma pharmacokinetics in MG and MG-Na using carbamazepine as internal standard (IS). These results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters between MG and MG-Na after a single oral administration at 100 mg/kg. When compared with pharmacokinetic parameters of MG, the AUC(0-t), AUC(0–∞), Cmax,K10, and Ka of MG-Na were increased by 5.6-, 5.7-, 20.8-, 8-, and 83.6-fold, while the Tmax and CL/F were decreased by 4- and 5.7-fold (P<0.001), respectively. t1/2 value showed an increasing trend, but was statistically significant between the two groups. Moreover, the AUC value in the MG-Na group was significantly increased and the relative bioavailability was calculated to be 570% when compared with that of the MG group. These results suggested that the salification reaction of MG can effectively enhance gastrointestinal absorption and relative bioavailability by improving solubility and membrane permeability.

A novel assay for triglycerides using glycerol dehydrogenase and a water-soluble formazan dye, WST-8

Background The glycerol-3-phosphate (GPO)-peroxidase (POD) chromogenic method is one of the most widely used methods to assay triglycerides. However, it is well known that peroxidase is affected by reducing agents, and recently, it has been reported that some materials affect its activity. Moreover, there is a high possibility of non-specific reaction, as the method uses many enzymes. Against this background, we developed a simpler assay method for triglycerides without using peroxidase. Methods Triglycerides were hydrolysed to glycerol and fatty acids by lipoprotein lipase followed by the oxidation of glycerol to dihydroxyacetone with simultaneous production of NADH by glycerol dehydrogenase. To overcome incomplete conversion of glycerol to dihydroxyacetone by glycerol dehydrogenase at equilibrium, we added 2-(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)-3–(4-nitrophenyl)-5–(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2 H-tetrazolium monosodium salt (WST-8) to the reaction mixture to remove NADH, allowing the reaction to complete while showing stoichiometric production of reduced WST-8. Results The reaction was linear up to 6.4 mmol/L. The mean intra-assay ( n = 20) and inter-assay ( n = 20) imprecision, as determined by replicate analysis of three pooled human serum samples with different triglyceride concentrations, were 1.1–2.3% and 1.1–1.5% coefficient of variation (%CV), respectively. No interference by 2.5 g/L haemoglobin, 65 μmol/L free bilirubin and 359 μmol/L conjugated bilirubin was observed. The equation obtained in comparison with that by the GPO-POD method including endogenous glycerol-eliminating step was: y = 1.0002x + 0.0395 mmol/L; r = 0.999; Sy/x = 0.049 mmol/L; n = 97. Conclusion Our method is an accurate, yet simpler and more sensitive for the quantitative analysis of triglycerides.