Fine Needle Aspiration: who must perform this Procedure?

In this historical moment, when FNA seems to have lost its paramount importance, it’s necessary to publish the data of the case study carried out from 2007 to 2014 in the pathologic anatomy unit at Carlo Poma Hospital in Mantua. This work includes 5,586 FNAs performed in various parts of the body. In particular, we examined 583 breast FNAs performed by a pathologist without help from a radiologist. The data confirm that it is very important for a pathologist to be present when a sample is being taken as this results in a decrease in the number of inadequate preparations as well as in improved diagnostic quality.

EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDY OF NPC PATIENTS IN BANGLI HOSPITAL AT 2015-2017

Introduction: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignancy of the nasopharyngeal epithelium. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is the five positions among other malignancies. Objective: To determine the distribution of patients with nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) in department of ENT Bangli hospital, the period during January 2015-December 2017. Material and methods: This descriptive study by collecting data from the medical record of NPC patients who come to the outpatient's clinic ENT Bangli hospital and data from the Department of Pathologic Anatomy at Bangli hospital. Results: The distribution patients with NPC was conducted from January 2015 until December 2017 there were 169 people. This research obtained the highest patients with NPC in 2016 as 67 cases. NPC based on sex in 2015 is males as 27 cases (58.70%), in 2016 is males as 43 cases (64.18%) and 2017 is males as 36 cases (64.29%). NPC based on age group is 41-50 years that in 2015 as 16 cases (34.70%), in 2016 as 27 cases (40.30%) and by age group 51-60 years in 2017 as 23 cases (41.07%). NPC patients based on stage most in stage III in 2015 as 18 cases (39.13%), in 2016 as 24 cases (35.82%) and in 2017 as 16 cases (28.57 %). NPC patients based on sex was found in stage III were males in 2015 as 14 cases, in 2016 as 16 cases and 2017 as 12 cases. NPC patients based on histopathology result at most on the WHO-3 classification, in 2015 as 44 (95.65%), in 2016 as 62 cases (92.54%) and in 2017 as 53 cases (94.64%). Conclusion: Distribution of patients with NPC in Bangli hospital from January 2015 until the highest December 2017 were 169 people. This research obtained the highest population of NPC in 2016 as 67 cases. NPC based on sex in 2016 is male as 64.18%. NPC most found by age group in 41-50 years in 2016 as 40.30%. NPC based on stage most found in stage III, in 2016 as 35.82%. NPC based on sex most found in stage III in 2016 as 16 cases. NPC based on histopathology result is WHO-3 in 2016 as 92.54%.

Immuno-toxicological Evaluation of the Adjuvant Formulations for Experimental Anti-meningococcal Vaccines without Aluminium Hydroxide

The proteoliposomes and cochleates are used as adjuvants for vaccines since they are potent immune stimulators. However, the hyper stimulation of the immune system provoked by adjuvants can cause immune-toxicological side effects. The present study was carried out to evaluate the toxic and immuno-toxicological effects of new adjuvants for anti-meningococci vaccines based on neo-proteoliposomes (nPL) and neo-cochleates (nCh), in Balb/c mice that were administered doses of 15 �g each, over periods of 14 days through intramuscular route and three inoculations with the same doses through intranasal route, every 7 days. The Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy showed that the nPL and nCh had nanometric dimensions and their normal peculiar forms. The experimental formulations did not provoke general toxic effects in the tested animals, which tended to the progressive normal growing of this species, that did not statistically differ from the control ones. The studies of pathologic anatomy in inoculation organs and sites did not reveal modifications that can indicate toxicity and there was no sign of hepatic damage. The structural observations found in the spleen and lymphatic nodes showed the physiological development of the immune response, which was normal in all cases showing the restitution of the stimulation signs. The relative weight values of the spleen were within the standard range. These results showed that the nPL and nCh elaborated as adjuvants for vaccines did not show any evident induction of general toxic or particular immune-toxicologicl effects.

Lingual Thyroid Gland: Diagnosis and Treatment

The presence of ectopic thyroid gland is a rare entity. The lingual thyroid is the most frequent ectopy, predominating in women. This glandular tissue is capable of suffering all the pathologies that can affect the normotopic gland, being able to be symptomatic or asymptomatic. We present a case of lingual thyroid in a previously thyroidectomized patient who consulted for dyspnea and dysphagia in the Head and Neck Surgery Unit of the Otolaryngology Service of the Central Hospital of the Institute of Social Prevision, Asuncion, Paraguay. The patient received hormone replacement therapy, showing normal functional examination. Semiology allowed to observe a bulging of the base of the tongue. The fibroscopy showed a tongue-based tumor about 3 cm in diameter, which could be correctly evaluated with computed tomography. Suspicion of a lingual thyroid was performed with a scintigram demonstrating uptake in the oral cavity floor. Tumor excision was performed through a suprahyoid pharyngotomy, following a prophylactic tracheostomy. The Pathologic Anatomy report confirmed the diagnosis of ectopic colloid goitre.

Open Endoscopic Rhizotomy

The etiology of axial low back pain is multifactorial and includes pain arising from lumbar facet joints. The facet joints, capsules, and surrounding tissues are innervated by the medial branches of the dorsal rami. Rhizotomy of these nerves can provide pain relief in patients with lumbar facetogenic pain. The reported benefits of endoscopic approaches to the spine include minimal disruption of nonpathologic anatomy while simultaneously allowing for improved visualization of pathologic anatomy. Endoscopic techniques have been described for spinal stenosis, disc herniation, interbody fusion, infection, as well as dorsal medial branch rhizotomy. The goal of medial branch rhizotomy is to denervate lumbar facet joints that are contributing to axial back pain. The previous chapter focused on percutaneous techniques, while this chapter will describe endoscopic rhizotomy.

Circulatory Condition in Kidney Patients with Pururlent Pyelonephritis

The article provides up-to-date statistics on the prevalence of purulent pyelonephritis in Russia, shows the pathogenesis of purulent pyelonephritis in terms of circulatory disorders in the kidney for example 23 patients operated personally by the author in Urology conditions of the Altai Krai hospital on his own technique in the period 2016 by 2017. Morphological studies were carried out in the Department of pathologic Anatomy. Assess the morphological distortion in the kidney with significant changes in the mikrocirkuljatornom vein during the operation of the apostem zone, perifokalnogo zone of inflammation around 1 cm from the pockets of destruction and of apparently healthy sections of kidney the same kidney parenchyma jelektronnomikroskopicheskim method. Additionally investigated plots tissues of the kidneys removed due to have resulted them irreversible destructive changes. Irreversible development of acute purulent pyelonephritis associated with renal tissue ischemia and to achieve good results in the treatment of patients, appropriate action must be taken to restore the lost blood flow.