Short-range attraction and oviposition stimulant of a biocontrol agent, Galerucella placida Baly (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) toward weed leaf surface waxes

Two Polygonaceae weeds, Rumex dentatus L. and Polygonum glabrum Willd. are abundant in wheat- and rice-fields, respectively, in India. Galerucella placida Baly (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a biocontrol agent of these two weeds. The importance of long-chain alkanes and free fatty acids present in leaf surface waxes of these weeds was assessed as short-range attractant and ovipositional stimulant in G. placida females. Extraction, TLC, GC-MS and GC-FID analyses demonstrated 19 n-alkanes from n-C14 to n-C35 and 14 free fatty acids from C12:0 to C22:0 in leaf surface waxes. Hentriacontane was predominant among alkanes in both weeds, while oleic acid and docosanoic acid were predominant among free fatty acids in R. dentatus and P. glabrum, respectively. Females of G. placida were attracted toward one leaf equivalent surface wax of both weeds against the control solvent (petroleum ether) in a short Y-tube olfactometer bioassay. But, the insect could not differentiate between one leaf equivalent surface wax of R. dentatus and P. glabrum, indicating that both weed leaves were equally attractive in females. A synthetic blend of either 2.44, 35.57 and 23.58 μg ml−1 of octadecane, heptacosane and nonacosane, respectively, resembling the amounts present in one leaf equivalent surface wax of R. dentatus or 4.08, 19.54 and 23.58 μg ml−1 of octadecane, palmitoleic acid and docosanoic acid, respectively, resembling the amounts present in one leaf equivalent surface wax of P. glabrum acted as short-range attractant and ovipositional stimulant in G. placida. These results could be a basis for host plant specificity of the biocontrol agent.

Two Novel HSD17B4 Heterozygous Mutations in Association With D-Bifunctional Protein Deficiency: A Case Report and Literature Review

Background: D-Bifunctional protein deficiency (D-BPD) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by peroxisomal β-oxidation defects. According to the different activities of 2-enoyl-CoA hydratase and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase protein units, D-bifunctional protein defects can be divided into four types. The typical symptoms include hypotonia and seizures. The gene that encodes D-BP was HSD17B4, which is located in chromosome 5q23.1.Case Presentation: We report the first case of D-BPD in a Chinese patient with neonatal onset. Cosmetic malformations, severe hypotonia and seizures are prominent. The blood bile acid profile showed increased taurocholic acid, glycocholic acid, and taurochenodeoxycholic acid. Very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) revealed significant increases in hexacosanoic acid (C26:0), tetracosanoic acid/docosanoic acid (C24:0/C22:0), and hexacosanoic acid/docosanoic acid (C26:0/C22:0). Cranial MRI revealed bilateral hemispheric and callosal dysplasia, with schizencephaly in the right hemisphere. EEG showed loss of sleep–wake cycle and epileptiform discharge. Other examinations include abnormal brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) and temporal pigmented spots on the optic disc in the right eye. After analysis by whole-exome sequencing, heterozygous c.972+1G>T in the paternal allele and c.727T>A (p.W243R) in the maternal allele were discovered. He was treated with respiratory support, formula nasogastric feeding, and antiepileptic therapy during hospitalization and died at home due to food refusal and respiratory failure at the age of 5 months.Conclusions: Whole-exome sequencing should be performed in time to confirm the diagnosis when the newborn presents hypotonia, seizures, and associated cosmetic malformations. There is still a lack of effective radical treatment. Supportive care is the main treatment, aiming at controlling symptoms of central nervous system like seizures and improving nutrition and growth. The disease has a poor outcome, and infants often die of respiratory failure within 2 years of age. In addition, heterozygous deletion variant c.972+1G>T and missense mutations c.727T>A (p.W243R) are newly discovered pathogenic variants that deserve further study.

GC-MS Analysis of Bioactive Compounds and Phytochemical Evaluation of the Ethanolic Extract of Gomphrena globosa L. Flowers

Gomphrena globosa (L.) has high medicinal values. All parts are been used as folk medicines. The extract of whole plant / flowers has shown different phytochemical constituents with various clinical properties. These phytochemicals recognised are responsible for various activities such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, analgesic and cytotoxic. The ethanolic extract of Gomphrena globosa L. flowers of biochemical test indicates the presence of sterols, triterpenoid, tannins, phenols and flavonoids, and on GC-MS analysis it has shown 11 phytochemical compounds with different pharmacological activities. The major bioactive compounds are Docosanoic Acid, Docosyl Ester (25.404%) and Hexatriacontane (24.324%), has proven anti-inflammatory activity. Keywords: Gomphrena globose L., phytochemical constituents, GC-MS and anti-inflammatory.

Medical molecules of waste Chinese buckeye seed from pharmacy

Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) were used to analyze organic solvent extracts of Populus tomentosa Carriere, the results show that the Chinese Buckeye Seed is mainly healthy and rich in Chinese Buckeye Seed extracts, The main representative of the active ingredient are Furfural, Isosorbide Dinitrate, Catechol, 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-methyl-, 3-Amino-s-triazole, 2,3-Quinoxalinedione, 1,4-dihydro-, Docosanoic acid, Medetomidine. Chinese Buckeye Seed extract contains a large amount of biologically active ingredients, including acids, phenols, alcohols, ketones and ethers, not only in the fields of bioenergy, biomedicine, cosmetics, skin care and fragrance, but also potential application prospects, Chinese Buckeye Seed?s chemical composition research provides a scientific basis for the development and utilization of this plant.

Fatty Acid Composition and Physicochemical Indexes of Seed Oil of Sindora glabra

The composition of the fatty acids of the extracted seed oil from Sindora glabra was determined by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. And the physicochemical properties of the oil were also analyzed according to the national standards．The results indicated that 14 fatty acid components were identified in seed oil of Sindora glabra，and the content of unsaturated acids was 61.72％，and the main fatty acids were linoleic acid（33.17%），oleic acid（19.80%），Palmitic acid （14.57%），lignoceric acid （5.06%），stearic acid （4.63%），hexacosanoic acid (2.95%), docosanoic acid（2.70%）, pentacosanoic acid (2.17%). The physicochemical indexes were as follows relative density 0.9143，acid value 3.905 mg/g, iodine value 109.01 g/100g, saponification value 154.6 mg/g, and index of refraction 1.4753.