EFFECT OF THE ISOMETRIC -ISOTONIC EXERCISE ON LIGAMENTS RUPTURE INJURY OF KNEE AND REHABILITATION FOR ATHLETIC

Introduction.Rehabilitation is a program of treatment with some sport exercises targeting the lower body .The aim:of the study is to develop the work of the knee joint after the ligament rupture injury and to rehabilitate itby preparation of the (PTP) proposed training program.Material and Method:The study included 4 injured athletes who were selected from a total of 10 injured.The tools used to measure the angle of flexion and extension of the knee joint before and after rehabilitation are tape measure , anthropometric measurements and squat equipment. Statistical analyses:which used included MEAN, STD, MAX, MIN, MEDIAN to explain the results. Anthropometricis used to measure the (TCUIL) Thigh circumference of upper injured limb and (CBIL) Circumference of bottom injured, Flexion and extension angle of the knee joint and isometric -isotonic exercises with Pre-test –post-test for 4 injures athletes. Results :using the intensity of 30-35% until it reached 95-100% after the end of the training program with 9 -10Kg weights in the first week until 30-35 Kg on squat equipment at the end of the fourth week and it was cured and Anthropometrics of Pre-test was (TCUIL) was 49 and Post-test was 50 cm with increase1cmand the Pre-test of (CBIL) was 34.5 and Post-test 34.7 cm with increase(0.2mm).Conclusions:: The (PTP) developed muscle strength of the femoral muscle groups working on the knee joint after used isometric isotonic exercise

Physiotherapist’s approach and treatment preference in the patients of rheumatoid arthritis in Karachi, Pakistan: A cross sectional survey

Objective: To assess the treatment approach of physiotherapists towards patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Material & methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to August 2016 among the 116 selected participants who were working in different physical therapy setups of Karachi Pakistan. A self-constructed questionnaire was used among the participants which consist of demographic Characteristics (age, gender, Qualification, and experience). While the Knowledge and utilization related close-ended questions were the 1. Type of exercise (isometrics and isotonic exercise), utilization of manual techniques (use of Maitland peripheral joint mobilization techniques, Cyrix mobilization techniques, Mulligan mobilization techniques & Manual joint distraction). 2. The use of electrotherapy modalities (use of TENS, Ultrasound, Cryotherapy & Heating) & 3. Treatment preference includes (results of manual therapy, electrotherapy or electrotherapy & manual therapy both in combination). Data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Results: The majority of physiotherapists (n=71, 61.2%) belong to the age group of 31 to 45 years, and (n=71, 61.2%) were male. After checking the Qualification the majority (n=65, 56%) were Post-graduate and (n=62, 53.2%) were having 7 to 15 years of experience. Among all (n=94, 81%) of physiotherapists were using an isometric type of exercises in the patients with Rheumatoid arthritis. Most of (n=101, 87%) the Physiotherapist was using peripheral joint distraction in patients with Rheumatoid arthritis. The majority (n=109, 93.9%) of physiotherapists were using manual therapy and electrophysical agents in combination among the patients with Rheumatoid arthritis. Conclusion: The physiotherapists who are working in different setups of Karachi were treating the patients of RA by using different techniques of manual therapy along with the combination of electrophysical agents. In electrophysical agents, they were using the tens and heating combination for pain management.

Comparison of post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) after isometric and isotonic exercise on vertical jump performance

Purpose This study aimed to compare the post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) induced by isometric and isotonic exercise on vertical jump performance. Methods 18 healthy trained men (25.8±2.7 years; 78.4±8.2 kg; 175.7±6.1 cm; 25.4±1.8 BMI; 126.72±10.8 kg squat 1-RM) volunteered for this study. They randomly performed two different PAPE protocols: Isotonic squats (ISOTS), which consisted of 2 sets of 3 repetitions at 75% of one-maximum repetition (1-RM); and isometric squats (ISOMS), which consisted of 2 sets of 4 seconds of submaximal (75% of 1-RM) isometric contraction at 90°-knee flexion. Countermovement jump (CMJ) height was tested at baseline and 4 minutes after each conditioning set. Results CMJ height significantly increased after set 1 in both PAPE protocols (ISOMS: p <0.001; ES = 0.34; ISOTS: p <0.001; ES = 0.24), with respect to the baseline jump. However, after set 2 no significant changes in CMJ height were observed for any protocol (ISOMS: p = 0.162; ES = 0.11; ISOTS: p = 0.976; ES = 0.06). No significant differences (p>0.05) were found between both isometric and isotonic exercise conditions. Conclusions Despite both protocols showed similar PAPE effects on CMJ height after set 1, none of the protocols demonstrated greater efficacy in increasing subsequent performance in healthy trained men.

Effect of Isometric and Isotonic Exercise Program on Increased Strength of Quardriceps Muscles in Osteoarthritis Patients in Singgasana Rama Physiotherapy Clinic Blitar

Background: Osteoarthritis is a disease of the joints that can cause disability and is progressive in the joints which cause changes in the water content, proteoglycin content, and collagen in the joints. One of the ways to improve functional ability in osteoarthritis cases is to use isotonic and isometric training exercise. Pain is a clinical symptom of knee osteoarthritis, limiting movement due to pain over time will cause rehabilitation problems such as impaired flexibility and stability, reduction of muscle mass (atrophy). Mild and moderate intensity quadriceps strength training is effective at achieving optimal muscle strength and function without causing significant muscle damage. Destination: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of isotonic and isometric exercises on muscle strength. Research methods: This study uses a pre-experimental research type using "One Group Pre - test and Post - Test". This research has carried out the first observation (pretest) so that researchers can test the changes that occur after the treatment, and the control group. Result: with the Wilcoxon signed rank test test the isometric and isotonic groups had p = 0.000 while the control group had a significance value of p = 1,000; and the 3 groups test has different values, namely: isotonic exercise has a value of 27.67; isometric; 28.60; and control 12.73. The conclusion that can be concluded that the value of isometric training has the highest value, namely 28.60 which means it is the most effective exercise to increase the value of Manual Muscle Testing. Conclusion: There is an effect of giving isometric and isotonic exercises in strengthening the quadriceps muscles.

Randomised, cross-over trial on the effect of isotonic and isometric exercise on pain and strength in proximal hamstring tendinopathy: trial protocol

BackgroundProximal hamstring tendinopathy (PHT) is a condition that occurs at all ages and levels of sporting participation. Presenting as localised lower buttock pain with tasks such as squatting and sitting, it can cause disability with sport, work and other activities of daily living. Recent research has investigated the effect of isometric exercise on pain and strength with a range of tendinopathies but there are no published studies on PHT. This protocol paper details a study investigating the effectiveness of isometric compared with isotonic exercise on pain and strength in people with PHT.Methods/DesignThe study is a prospective, cross-over randomised controlled trial (RCT). Twenty participants with PHT, recruited from the local community and sporting clubs will be recruited for the study. Participants will receive one session of isotonic hamstring strength exercises and one session of isometric hamstring exercise, with random allocation to the order of intervention.Primary outcomes will be hamstring strength measured with a dynamometer and pain with a functional task, assessed immediately following and 45 min after intervention. A secondary outcome will be pain with sitting assessed 24 hours after intervention.The effect of isotonic versus isometric exercise on hamstring pain and strength will be determined using a repeated measures linear mixed model. Further analyses will determine the proportion of patients with clinically important pain and strength improvements, using relative risks, χ2 testing and number needed to treat.DiscussionThis RCT protocol will investigate the effect of isometric compared with isotonic exercise for PHT.

Effectiveness of isometric exercise in the management of tendinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials

ObjectiveTo systematically review and critically appraise the literature on the effectiveness of isometric exercise in comparison with other treatment strategies or no treatment in tendinopathy.DesignA systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.Data sourcesElectronic searches of Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, EMBASE and Cochrane were undertaken from inception to May 2020.MethodsOverall quality of each study was determined based on a combined assessment of internal validity, external validity and precision. For each outcome measure, level of evidence was rated based on the system by van Tulder et al.ResultsTen studies were identified and included in the review, including participants with patellar (n=4), rotator cuff (n=2), lateral elbow (n=2), Achilles (n=1) and gluteal (n=1) tendinopathies. Three were of good and seven were of poor overall quality. Based on limited evidence (level 3), isometric exercise was not superior to isotonic exercise for chronic tendinopathy either immediately following treatment or in the short term (≤12 weeks) for any of the investigated outcome measures. Additionally, for acute rotator cuff tendinopathy, isometric exercise appears to be no more effective than ice therapy in the short term (limited evidence; level 3).SummaryIsometric exercise does not appear to be superior to isotonic exercise in the management of chronic tendinopathy. The response to isometric exercise is variable both within and across tendinopathy populations. Isometric exercise can be used as part of a progressive loading programme as it may be beneficial for selected individuals.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019147179.

Evaluation of the Electromyographic Amplitude-to-Work Ratio in the Infraspinatus Muscle During External Shoulder Rotation Exercises: A Comparison of Concentric Isotonic and Isokinetic Exercises

Background: Isotonic exercise is commonly adopted for shoulder rehabilitation, but the efficacy of isokinetic exercise for rehabilitation has not been evaluated. Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of isotonic and isokinetic external shoulder rotation exercises. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Using surface electromyography (EMG) and the Biodex system, we investigated the EMG amplitude of the infraspinatus (IS), total work (tWK), and EMG(IS)/tWK ratio and examined the relative IS and posterior deltoid (PD) contributions to all exercises. A total of 24 healthy participants without musculoskeletal injuries were included. Participants performed isotonic external shoulder rotation at 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% of the maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) as well as isokinetic external shoulder rotation at angular velocities of 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300 deg/s. Levels of intensity were classified from 1 to 5: level 1 corresponded to 10% of the MVIC and a 300-deg/s angular velocity; level 2 corresponded to 20% MVIC and 240 deg/s; level 3 corresponded to 30% MVIC and 180 deg/s; level 4 corresponded to 40% MVIC and 120 deg/s; and level 5 corresponded to 50% MVIC and 60 deg/s. Normalized IS and tWK amplitudes were calculated for each exercise. Results: During isotonic exercise, the EMG(IS)/tWK ratio significantly decreased from level 5 to 3, 2, and 1; from level 4 to 2 and 1; and from level 3 to 1. During isokinetic exercise, the EMG(IS)/tWK ratio at level 3 was greater than that at all other levels except level 1. Statistical differences were found between isotonic and isokinetic modes at levels 1, 2, and 3. The IS/PD activation ratios were not significantly different between exercise modes at any level. Conclusion: Isokinetic resistance may provide more effective stimulation of the IS muscle compared with isotonic resistance. Clinical Relevance: Isokinetic exercise needs to be considered as a method of rehabilitation that effectively increases infraspinatus muscle activity.