APPROACHES TO NANO-BASED VACCINES TOWARDS SARS-COV-2 MANAGEMENT

For a year now, since the world began to be struck with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, incidents of the outbreak are still increasing at an alarming rate considering that the virus has evolved and new strains have come out. The urgency for treatment of this SARS-CoV-2 has triggered the pharmaceutical companies to produce and manufacture antiviral medications and diagnostic tools. Since 2004, the pharmaceutical companies have been studying and discovering the great potential of nanotechnology for drug therapy. Nano-based drug delivery has gained an edge in disease management and has proven a pronounced and fast therapeutic activity over the traditional dosage form especially on the nanomedicines employed currently for coronavirus treatment. Reviewed in this article are the important characteristic nature of nanoparticles including the various nanomaterials that can be employed for its drug design that delivers optimum therapeutic activity. Also, the mechanism of how nanodecoys work in trapping and inhibiting viral entry as well as nano-based vaccines. Presently, nano-based vaccines have been formulated which showed a great extent of activity towards eliciting enhanced immunity. And now, these vaccines have been distributed worldwide after undergoing Phase II and Phase III clinical trials. Statistics showed that millions of the individuals worldwide have received the vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 from the different pharmaceutical companies. With the recent positive advancements on nanomedicine therapies, the possibility of complete eradication of any diseases most particularly the current SARS-CoV-2 scare will be materialized. Hence, nanoparticles truly plays a huge contribution in the possible success for the complete treatment of coronavirus infection. In this article, the important contributions and advantages of the use of nanotechnology in the formulation of vaccines are highlighted as a promising medication to help fight against the attack of SARS-CoV-2.

FTIR Analysis of Siddha Medicine Chandra Prabhava Chendooram

Background: The Siddha system of medicine is one among part of the AYUSH system. The Siddha medicine is used to treat various diseases, especially in Genital tract diseases. In siddha system medicines were prepared from Herbals, Minerals, salts, and Metals as well as the marine and animal products are also used in the system. The drug CHANDRA PRABHAVA CHENDOORAM is basically a crystal powder in nature which is used in Siddha medicine for Genital tract disorders. Objective: To explore the elemental characterization of the mineral Chandra prabhava chendooram. Methods: The Functional Group studied through FTIR study. It can be correlated in WHO recommended parameters for confirmed the standardizations in above drug. Results: In FTIR studies should markedly increase value from 3678.25 to 3745.76 respectively, which is indicated it contains most of them. Conclusion: All the modern scientific parameters provide it is minimal size particles and good characteristic nature of the drug. So, Chandra prabhava chendooram is highly therapeutic and bio availability value used cured in genital tract disease. Key words: Chandra prabhava chendooram, FTIR, Siddha Medicine, genital tract disease.

AN ANALYSIS ON WILLIAM KENTRIDGE’S PRINTS IN TERMS OF THE CONCEPT OF MEMORY

This research aims to review the prints by South African artist William Kentridge created with reference to historical events resulting from the destructive impacts of colonialism and totalitarianism in terms of the concept of memory. Kentridge shows the social dynamics of the era by blending various disciplines from drawings and opera to films and printmaking together in his production process. As transforming the geography and the era in which he lived into creativity through his inherent perspective, Kentridge also offers the viewer an aspect on the recent history. In the research, it will be analyzed the distinctive interpretations that Kentridge brings to printmaking techniques, as well as his characteristic nature and the social and personal touches left by the era he lived in. In this context, many events recorded or not recorded by the history will be interpreted with an artistic perspective in the artworks that the artist created on the basis of the concept of memory. Keywords: Printmaking, memory, film, William Kentridge

Antioxidants and Therapeutic Targets in Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma

Ovarian clear cell carcinomas (OCCCs) are resistant to conventional anti-cancer drugs; moreover, the prognoses of advanced or recurrent patients are extremely poor. OCCCs often arise from endometriosis associated with strong oxidative stress. Of note, the stress involved in OCCCs can be divided into the following two categories: (a) carcinogenesis from endometriosis to OCCC and (b) factors related to treatment after carcinogenesis. Antioxidants can reduce the risk of OCCC formation by quenching reactive oxygen species (ROS); however, the oxidant stress-tolerant properties assist in the survival of OCCC cells when the malignant transformation has already occurred. Moreover, the acquisition of oxidative stress resistance is also involved in the cancer stemness of OCCC. This review summarizes the recent advances in the process and prevention of carcinogenesis, the characteristic nature of tumors, and the treatment of post-refractory OCCCs, which are highly linked to oxidative stress. Although therapeutic approaches should still be improved against OCCCs, multi-combinatorial treatments including nucleic acid-based drugs directed to the transcriptional profile of each OCCC are expected to improve the outcomes of patients.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PETANI DALAM ADOPSI INOVASI KALENDER TANAM TERPADU DI KECAMATAN GEDANGSARI KABUPATEN GUNUNG KIDUL

Climate change is a natural phenomenon that has occurred at all levels of the continent or country, as well as specific location at sub-district level in relatively small area. Various weather and climate information services such as data afforded by government institutes, research institutes, and universities are far from the reach of farmers. This research aims to: study the influence of socio-economic factors, attitudes, access to communication media, needs and characteristics / nature of simultaneous or partial innovation toward farmers’ decision in Integrated Katam innovation. The location of the study was deliberately determined in Tegalrejo and Watugajah because the village received the Integrated Katam program in Gedang Sari Sub-district, Gunung Kidul. The sampling method was done randomly using proportional random sampling with 50 people. Multiple linear regression is used as the data analysis. The results showed that: (1) characteristics of respondent farmers in socioeconomic factors were classified as moderate, attitudes wre classified as neutral, access of communication media were infrequently utilized, social needs level and characteristic / nature of innovation were quite appropriate; (2) socio-economic factors, attitudes, needs, access to communication media and characteristics / nature of innovation simultaneously have significant effects on the adopted decision of Integrated Katam innovation; (3) socioe-conomic factors, attitudes, needs and characteristics / nature of innovation have significant effects on decision to adopt innovation Integrated Katam partially while communication media access was not significant; (4) Decision making adoption of Integrated Katam innovation in Gedang Sari was moderate

JURISPRUDENTIAL PERSPECTIVES ON THE FOUNTAIN OF NIGERIA LEGAL SYSTEM

The basis of the Nigerian legal system appears multi-faceted, the fact that the country had contact with colonialism and the intervening military rule as against a truly democratic arrangement bequeathed at the independence of the country are source of concern. The paper adopts the doctrinal research method to attempt a critique of perspectives of the actual basis of the Nigeria legal system. The paper looks at some relevant concepts, the fountain in term of the grundnorm, customary law together with brief historical facts, and characteristic nature of Nigeria legal system to interrogate some perspectives. The paper founds that the fountain of the legal system is more of being jurisprudential in nature and concludes that the basis of Nigerian legal system is multi-faceted but ultimately founded on the constitution.

Women in the Drama of Girish Karnad With Reference Yayati & Hayavadana

Drama constitutes an integral part of any civilized society. It is true that the dramatic instinct is quite universal. The theatre whether in the sacred or the secular from has never failed holds its powerful appeal to men. Undeniably every nation and every race has its own dramatic history. Drama as the best from of literary composition mirrors the social, political and cultural history of a people and him characteristic nature of the genius of any nation cannot be fully comprehended and appreciated without its study.

Effects of Injury by a Pyralid Insect Pest on Duckweed Growth and Productivity in Minipond Ecosystem

The strategic points of a pyralid insect, Synclita occidentalis (Pylralidae, Lepidoptera) on duckweed productivity, life cycle and its association with duckweed (host-plant) in pond ecosystem was studied. A total of 16 samples were used to study the infestation intensity and the impact of pest on duckweed production. The insect was found deeply associated with duckweed to complete its life cycle. The pyralid insect attains its pest status at larval stage and continues up-to the pupal stage. Larval and pupal case-making and feeding adaptations were noted as the characteristic nature of injury. The larvae build case with duckweed fronds and roots and use duckweed fronds that failed to multiply further. The crop of larva was the largest and widest part of the alimentary canal and varied exceedingly along with larval category. The experimental result indicated that pest impact in two different experimental miniponds was different in quantities but similar in mode of action. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v36i1.10920 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 36, No. 1, 53-59, 2012