Contribution of Ukrainian Scientists into the Fight against Plague

A review about history of the fighting of Ukrainian scientists against one of the most terrible infectious diseases of mankind is proposed. It is noted that plague epidemics have persecuted mankind during many centuries. For a long time, pandemics of the so-called “black death” broke out in different parts of the world. It is shown how a number of measures were organized in Russian Empire against disease spread: the organization of border outposts, the establishment of quarantine hospitals etc. Ways of searching for the sources of the plague by a number of scientists, in particular, graduates of the Kiev-Mohyla Academy, doctors I.A. Poletika, D.S. Samoylovich, K.I. Yagelsky, A.F. Shafonsky are described. The formation of the anti-plague system in Russian Empire is investigated. The activity of the anti-plague laboratory, organized on the initiative of D.K. Zabolotny in 1880 in St. Petersburg, is shown. The contribution of the doctors G.M. Minkh, V.K. Vysokovich and M.F. Gamaliia in revealing the features of the pathogenesis of plague is described. It is noted that only at the beginning of the 20th century laboratories headed by D.K. Zabolotny and I.I. Mechnikov received significant results regarding the distribution of this dangerous infection. It is proved that only the dedicated work of a number of scientists allowed not only to reduce, but also to overcome the sickness rate of plague. It is noted that the first objective confirmation of the fact that the causative agent of the plague can be transmitted from rodents to humans was obtained in 1912. Considerable attention was paid to studies of the plague infection by D.K. Zabolotny during his expeditions to countries where epidemics arose. The role of Ukrainian scientists in establishing the determining factors of the occurrence of plague, as well as the development of methods for preventing this infectious disease, is emphasized.

Social-epidemiological prerequisites for dysbacteriosises formation of tunica mucosa of mouth

The purpose of the study was an exposure of social-epydemiological prerequisites for the dysbacteriosis of mouth's tunica mucosa. It was observed 195 patients, selected according to preventive measures and dental health service appealability. The assay samples (biomaterials) from miscellaneous biotopes of all patients were inspected during the microbiology study by system BMSB (WHO, 1984). As a result of researches it was revealed that most proportion of dysbacterioses accounts for patients living in city centre - 44,7±4,5%. The given index amongst patients with normal microflora was 18,1±4,6%. There was the decrease of sickness rate in pericentre - 30.1±4,2%, in uptowns - 16,3±3,3% and in villages - 8,9±2,6%. For dysbacteriosis formation of a mucous membrane of oral cavity (MMOC) the following social-epidemiological prerequisites had vital importance: a material trouble, unsatisfactory living conditions, residence in polluted by exhausts city centre and the certain social-occupational adaptation. Realization of measures for reduction of activity of the aboved mentioned social-epidemiological prerequisites permits to confine the risk of dysbacteriosis formation of MMOC. Key words: oral cavity, mucous membrane, dysbacteriosis

Practical significance of remote functional diagnosis methods in system of “Russian railways – medicine” of Sverdlovsk railway

Objective. To estimate the efficiency of using remote technologies and provision of unique service of functional diagnosis in the framework of corporative system of the net of medical institutions, territorially distant from each other. Nowadays, a wide introduction of IT-technologies in medicine has a perspective and priority significance in conditions of unfavorable epidemiological situation including sickness rate of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19. Materials and methods. The efficiency of remote methods was analyzed and assessed using the results of studies among the workers of RZhD and contractual enterprises. Results. Remote consultations permit to increase the number of applied methods of investigation, give the opportunity to obtain qualified conclusions, consolidate information in general database allowing to fill up medical staff deficiency. Conclusions. Thus, patients obtain operatively made unified medical conclusions, which are transferred via defended channels of Internet.

A SEIRD Model for Control of COVID-19: Case of Azerbaijan

Research background: The study uses the key parameters of the spread of the epidemic, dividing the population into several groups S - susceptible, E - exposed, I - infectious, R - recovered, D - dead. It is found that the model behaves differently depending on the R₀ indicator - the average number of people that one infected manages to infect. Measures to suppress the epidemic undertaken by Azerbaijan and their effectiveness have been considered. Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to model the current dynamics of the disease for future forecasting. The model takes into account all the main parameters of the epidemic: the proportion of severe patients and the mortality rate depending on the age of the patients, the duration of the incubation period and the infectious phase of the disease; incomplete registration of infected people due to the high prevalence of asymptomatic disease and insufficient testing; possible measures to contain and suppress the epidemic and their impact on R₀. Methods: The article uses the linear regression method, which consists in finding estimates of unknown parameters and the formation of a functional relationship between the sickness rate and the factors determining it. Findings & Value added: The constructed model analyzes the growth of patients in the country after removing the restrictive measures taken in early May on the basis of real statistics.

NATURAL FOCAL MORBIDITY AND CONDITIONS OF ITS FORMATION IN THE PERM REGION

Perm Krai belongs to the territories with a high level of natural focal diseases (the average long-term indicator (AL-TI) is 2-2,5 times higher than in Russia), and in the ecological rating of the regions of the Russian Federation it is on the 21st place. In this regard, the aim of the study is to explore the influence of the ecological situation of natural complexes on the spread of natural focal diseases. The article describes the relationship between "the natural focal diseases and the ecological state of a natural complex." For that, we have analyzed the sickness rate by natural focal diseases of the Perm Krai population; we have assessed the ecological situation in natural complexes and examined its relationship to the incidence of the viral and parasitic natural focal diseases. The results of Spirman's rank correlation coefficients calculation are given, showing a close relationship between a comprehensive indicator of the environmental situation and the sickness rate of viral and parasitic focal diseases in the "Southern Taiga" forest complex and the significant relationship in the "Broad-leaved-taiga forest" forest complex. In other forest complexes this connection is unreliable. Therefore, not in all natural complexes the ecological situation directly affects the natural focal disease rate.

Dynamics of sickness rate in 15–17- year-old girls in the Russian Federation

The children’s health condition in the Russian Federation, including adolescents, has been characterized by negative trends in the past thirty years.Objective. To identify the main trends in sickness rate (both total and registered for the first time) in 15–17-year-old girls in the Russian Federation, as well as to track the quantity and dynamics of chronicity of diseases by classes and types.Material and methods. The authors analyzed the data of form №12 of the federal statistics in 2000–2017 using the descriptive statistics method.Results. The researchers revealed a significant increase both in the total sickness rate from 1613,8 to 2532,5 per 1,000 girls (by 56,9%) and in the sickness rate registered for the first time from 967,5 to 1577,3 per 1,000 girls (by 63,0%). The increase in total incidence is observed in the most classes of diseases: neoplasms (2,4 times), injuries, poisoning and some other consequences of external causes (2,4 times), congenital anomalies (malformations; 2,3 times), cardiovascular diseases (2 times), diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (2 times). Also there was revealed the increase in the incidence registered for the first time in the overwhelming majority of classes of diseases, for example: injuries, poisoning and some other consequences of external causes (2,5 times), diseases of the nervous system (2,2 times), cardiovascular diseases (2 times), neoplasms (2 times), diseases of the ear and mastoid process (2 times), diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (1,9 times). High index of the chronicity for all classes of diseases reflect the initially high level of chronic pathology in 15–17-year-old girls, which is an unfavorable characteristic of their health condition. Having analyzed the chronization index the authors revealed its maximum growth for congenital anomalies (malformations; by 31,1%) and neoplasms (by 23,0%), and for certain nosologies: menstrual disorders (5,8 times) and renal failure (4,2 times).Conclusion. The health of children, and especially adolescents, determines the national health in the nearest future; therefore, its preservation and improvement require thorough attention.

Cancer and Peripheral Deep Vein Thrombosis are Both Independent Diseases Causes, Pathogenesis, Conclusions

There is an undisputed thesis: CANCER has an often COMPLICATION such as DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS. Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, and is responsible for an estimated 9.6 million deaths in 2018. (according to World Health Organization). Sickness rate of deep vein thrombosis is approximately 100 per 100 000 population annually. Sickness rate of cancer in different countries is approximately 130-500 per 100 000 population annually. Thus, if deep vein thrombosis is considered to be a complication of cancer we must identify both these diseases simultaneously with frequency of 20 -76.9% The Research Objective To determine whether peripheral vein thromboses are the complications of cancer. The Method of the Research Randomized prospective parallel controlled trial.

Asthmatic status in pediatric practice. Clinical case

Bronchial asthma (BA) is a global issue of public health care that is connected with a stable tendency to sickness rate growth. In Russia, mortality rate from BA exacerbation is one of the highest in the world. The most severe attack of BA is considered as asthmatic status (AS) and needs resuscitation measures. Despite the fact that death from BA occurs as a result of acute severe attack (often asthmatic status), it is almost always the consequence of previous incorrect treatment or the absence of proper medical care and observation. The paper presents a clinical case of asthmatic status in a twelve-year old child, which was complicated by spontaneous pneumothorax. The cause of the development of threatening status in a child with bronchial asthma was the absence of basic anti-inflammatory therapy and proper medical observation. The absence of rational therapy and regular observation, rendered to BA patient by a physician of primary care link with training of self-control and self-observation habits, can cause the development of the most severe exacerbation asthmatic status. A timely hospitalization of AS patients to resuscitation and intensive care unit according to indications will promote faster transfer to pediatric department.

Medical Nutrition Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The article deals with the problems of diabetes mellitus sickness rate which are considered vital today. These problems are determined by the increase in the diabetes sickness rate across Russia and the world, as well as its medical and social consequences. Special attention is paid to the risk factors of diabetes mellitus. The author makes research into the pathogenesis of the type 2 diabetes mellitus and a number of approaches to its outpatient treatment. The article analyses modern sources in clinical nutrition of type 2 diabetes; accumulates practical experience published in foreign-based medical books. The author made an attempt to characterize the system of diets used in type 2 diabetes therapy. The article can be useful for doctors of the relevant field.

Organizational and educational program on formation and development of family medical activity

Aim. To work out the organizational and educational program on formation and development of medical activity of a family and detect the key factors, determining and prognosticating its level. Materials and methods.The method of questioning was used to study the medicosocial characteristic of living conditions and education in children of the first year of life, the mechanism of formation and development of medical activity in 244 families. On the basis of the data obtained, there was developed the organizational and educational program, directed to improvement of children’s health through the activity of district pediatrician; 214 women agreed to participate in the experiment. Results. The paper is devoted to the necessity of improving the level of knowledge in parents of early age children. The growing sickness rate indices among the child population demonstrate the actuality of searching for methods to improve children’s health, in particular, by means of developing family medical activity.There were revealed and presented the factors, determining and forecasting the level of medical activity of a family, which plans to have a child. Conclusions. To work out educational program on formation of medical activity, it is necessary to consider territorial characteristics of health status indices among child population and results of medicosocial diagnostics of families. Pediatrician, taking into account prognostic factors, can reveal “risk group” mothers and have individual approach to their training and practical formation and development of medical activity.