Current state of surgical treatment for patients with tubular breast type II (a literature review)

The aim of the study – to analyze the modern literature, summarize current approaches to surgical treatment of tubular breast type II and identify the causes of poor results. Tubular breast deformity relates to congenital connective tissue malformations, occurs in puberty and causes a great deal of psychological discomfort to women. The majority of authors note that type II of tubular breast is the most common among patients referred to clinic for a surgical correction. In fact, the correction of this type of malformation is a reconstructive procedure associated with a number of challenges. The goal of such operation is not only to increase a volume of the breast lower pole, but also to cover the implant maximally using soft tissues to achieve a normal lower pole contour. To date, a number of surgical techniques have been proposed to address these problems, such as C. Puckett and M. Concannon (1990), L. Ribeiro (1998), E. Muti (1996), A. Mandrekas (2003) and their modern modifications. Fat grafting techniques in treatment of tubular breast are also getting popular, but all have some drawbacks. Conclusions. A high level of complications and the absence of a universal method for correction of tubular breast type II are preconditions for improving the surgical technique to correct this pathology.

Morphometric parameters of mammary glands in women of different body types in the normal condition and in case of tubular breast deformity

Objective — to reveal the incidence of tubular breast deformity and to compare macromorphometric breast data with the constitution of women who need aesthetic breast correction. Material and Methods — There was conducted macromorphometry of the mammary glands in 101 women using the Body Logic system, as well as anthropometry and somatotyping with indication of sthenic, ectomorph and endomorph body types. Results — Among women with aesthetic problems of mammary glands, tubular breast deformity was revealed in 17.6% of sthenics, 23.5% of ectomorphs, and 58.8% of endomorphs. The Norwood Index, as an objective criterion of tubularity, had the largest value in endomorph women. Conclusion — Endomorph women were more susceptible to the development of tubular breast deformity in comparison with women of other body types.