Synthesis of Nilotinin M3, an Ellagitannin Containing an Isodehydrodigalloyl Group

Total synthesis of nilotinin M3, which is a member of the ellagitannin natural products containing an isodehydrodigalloyl (isoDHDG) group, was achieved using the Ullmann reaction to construct a highly functionalized diaryl ether.

Aryl-Aryl Bond Formation by Ullmann Reaction: From Mechanistic Aspects to Catalyst

Aryl-aryl bond formation is one of the most important tools in modern organic synthesis. Therefore, there is a high level of interest to develop green, effective reaction system to obtain biaryls. This review summarized the recent advances in the metal-catalyzed Ullmann reaction in which the aryl-aryl bond was formed directly. Furthermore, different types of catalytic mechanisms, especially the surface reaction, have been summarized to help the design of the catalyst.