Effect of Metal Oxides and Smelting Dust on SO2 Conversion to SO3

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of metal oxides and smelting dust on the formation of sulfur trioxide during copper, lead, zinc smelting process and flue. Focusing on the effects of SO2 concentration, O2 concentration, and temperature on SO2 oxidation conversion rate under homogeneous test conditions, and under various metal oxide oxidation conditions, further in dust (mainly electric dust removal ash in copper, lead, zinc smelting process), which were studied by single factor experiment test. The results showed that the effect of heterogeneous catalytic oxidation on SO2 conversion rate is much greater than that of pure gas phase oxidation. The addition of five pure metal oxides such as Fe2O3, CuO, Al2O3, ZnO, and CaO obviously promoted the SO2 conversion rate under different conditions. At different temperatures, the ability of metal oxides to promote SO2 conversion is ranked: Fe2O3 > CuO > CaO > ZnO > Al2O3. The catalytic oxidation of copper, lead, and zinc smelting dust to SO2 conversion rate was studied, and the conclusion was drawn that the metal oxides that promoted SO2 conversion rate in copper smelting dust were Fe2O3, Al2O3, ZnO, CaO, and the main substance was Fe2O3; the metal oxides that promoted SO2 conversion in zinc smelting dust were Fe2O3, Al2O3, ZnO, CaO, CuO, and the main substances were Fe2O3 and ZnO; the metal oxides that promoted SO2 conversion rate in lead smelting dust were Fe2O3. Whether metal oxides or copper, zinc, lead smelting dust in the experiment, Fe2O3 displayed the strongest catalytic oxidation capacity.

Application of Full Factorial Design Method for Optimization of Heavy Metal Release from Lead Smelting Slag

Lead-acid batteries are commonly used as power sources for critical operations in the world. They find application in air-traffic control towers, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), railroad crossings, military installations, hospitals, and weapons systems. Lead-acid batteries are also known as automotive batteries and industrial batteries. Lead-acid batteries consist of large amounts of lead, sulphuric acid, and plastics. The acid is tremendously irritant and a carrier for soluble information. The lead must control because of a range of adverse health effects. Thus, a collectible system that is easily accessible for waste batteries is needed. In this paper, a sustainable model is proposed for the leaching of lead-acid battery slag. The aim is to optimize the leaching of lead-acid batteries slag with natural materials. The leaching characteristic of the lead smelting slag produced using sepiolite and illite. A 23 full factorial design model is used to investigate the combination of the effect of variable factors.

Reconstruction of 16th–17th Century Lead Smelting Processes on the Basis of Slag Properties: A Case Study from Sławków, Poland

The study focuses on the reconstruction of the technological process in the 16th–17th century lead smelter in Sławków based on chemical and petrographic analyzes of slags. There are three main types of material at the landfill: glassy, crystalline, and weathered. Glassy slags are made of amorphous phase in which crystals of pyroxene, willemite, olivine, wüstite, and lead oxide appear. Crystalline slags are composed of wollastonite, rankinite, melilite, anorthite, quartz, and Fe oxides. Weathered slags have a composition similar to glassy slags, but they also contain secondary phases: anglesite and cerussite. Chemical analyzes confirmed that the smelter used sulphide ores, which were roasted, and the main addition to the charge was quartz sand. The smelting process took place in a brick-built furnace, under reducing conditions, with varied oxygen fugacity ranging from WM to MH buffer. The slag characteristics show a knowledge of the workers in the field of smelting methods. The addition of SiO2 allowed for the binding of elements that could contaminate the obtained lead, and at the same time, the low melting point of the material (1150 °C) and the melt viscosity (logη = 1.34 for 1150 °C) was maintained, enabling the effective separation of liquid lead.