The GHGSat-D imaging spectrometer

The demonstration satellite GHGSat-D, or “Claire”, launched on 21 June 2016, is the first in a planned constellation of small satellites designed and operated by GHGSat, Inc. to measure greenhouse gas emissions at the facility scale from space. Its instrument measures methane concentrations by collecting and spectrally decomposing solar backscattered radiation in the shortwave infrared using a compact fixed-cavity Fabry–Pérot imaging spectrometer. The effective spatial resolution of 50×50 m2 over targeted 12×12 km2 scenes is unprecedented for a space-based gas-sensing spectrometer. Here we report on the instrument design and forward model and retrieval procedure, and we present several examples of retrieved methane emissions observed over industrial facilities. We discuss the sources of error limiting the performance of GHGSat-D and identify improvements for our follow-on satellites. Claire's mission has proven that small satellites can be used to identify and quantify methane emissions from industrial facilities, enabling operators to take prompt corrective action.

The GHGSat-D imaging spectrometer

The demonstration satellite GHGSat-D or “Claire”, launched on June 21, 2016, is the first in a planned constellation of small satellites designed and operated by GHGSat, Inc. to measure greenhouse gas emissions at the facility scale from space. Its instrument measures methane concentrations by collecting and spectrally decomposing solar backscattered radiation in the shortwave infrared using a compact fixed-cavity Fabry-Perot imaging spectrometer. The effective spatial resolution of 50 × 50 m2 over targeted 12 × 12 km2 scenes is unprecedented for a space-based gas sensing spectrometer. Here we report on the instrument design, forward model and retrieval procedure, and present several examples of retrieved methane emissions observed over industrial facilities. We discuss the sources of error limiting the performance of GHGSat-D and identify improvements for our follow-on satellites. Claire's mission has proven that small satellites can be used to identify and quantify methane emissions from industrial facilities, enabling operators to take prompt corrective action.

Ballooning Non-Performing Assets in Indian Banking and Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code

The Indian Banking sector is witnessing a phenomenal deterioration of asset quality, raising potential losses for not making enough provisions or setting aside capital to combat the non-performing assets. The aftermath of this is that the sustainability of robust banking is becoming a big question. Over the period of time, NPAs and bad loans have adding to a spiralling manner in Indian Banks. In this data-driven banking, various frauds have occurred due to lapses in operational risk, and non-adherence to procedures. Despite the treatment of stressed assets, prompt corrective action as per asset quality report by regulators but results are appearing at a very slow pace. Strength and sustainability of the credit growth is the need for robust banking in the times to come.

Early Intervention

The Financial Stability Board recommended that all national supervisors should have the mandate and powers to identify risks and intervene early in order to prevent unsound practices and take appropriate measures to reduce the impact of potential stresses on financial institutions and to safeguard against systemic risks. Accordingly, the BRRD and SRM contain new powers for the competent authorities to intervene early before an institution’s financial and economic situation has deteriorated to a point where resolution is the only viable alternative. The chapter starts with some theoretical reflections, focusing on the incentives of the actors involved. It then discusses the early intervention framework under BRRD and SRM and national transposition in the UK and Germany. It also covers the US prompt corrective action framework and early remediation under Dodd–Frank.

Liquidity Regulation: Rationales, Benefits and Costs

This paper reviews the market failures that may justify the need for liquidity regulation, assesses whether liquidity regulation is a necessary complement to Lender of Last Resort (LOLR) policies, capital regulation and prompt corrective action, surveys the available evidence on the net benefits of liquidity regulation, and concludes by outlining research directions useful to improve bank regulation design.