Indirect lung injury predictive model in experimental trauma

Background: Trauma remains a medical-social problem, still having high lethality rate. Indirect lung injury (ILI) occurs in trauma due to systemic neutrophils activation and proteases release into primarily intact tissues. There are no data in the literature regarding ILI predictive models in trauma. Material and methods: In the experimental study (19 traumatized male rabbits), the proteases, antiproteases and the pulmonary morphological changes, assessed according to the SAMCRS score (Semiquantitative Reflected Qualitative Changes Assessment Scale) were followed. There were used two statistical instruments – correlational analysis and multivariate linear regression. Results: Initially, a correlational analysis between the values of the SAMCRS score and the proteases/ anti proteases was performed. The null hypothesis was rejected (F = 7.017, p = .002). The correlation coefficient of the predicted results and the real values of SAMCRSlungs was .854, the determination coefficient being .626. The final model included the following parameters: constant (B = 9.427; 95% CI 7.341, 11.513; p <.001); α2-macroglobulin0 (B = -4.053; 95% Cl -6.350, -1.757; p = .002); AEAMP0 (B = .002; 95% CI .000, .004; p = .075); AEAMP24 (B = -. 006; 95% CI -.010, -.002; p = .003); AECG2 (B = .081; 95% CI .040, .122; p = .001); AEE0 (B = -. 026; 95% CI -.040, -.011; p = .002). Conclusions: In this research, a predictive model for indirect lung injury in experimental trauma was developed, the predictors being some elements of the proteases/antiproteases system. This, in turn, allows the hypotheses emission regarding the pathophysiology, prophylaxis and treatment of ILI.

Investigating the effect of a nap following experimental trauma on analogue PTSD symptoms

Cognitive models assume that the incomplete integration of a traumatic experience into the autobiographical memory results in typical symptoms associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) such as intrusive re-experiencing. Sleep supports the integration of new experiences into existing memory networks through memory consolidation. In fifty-six females, we investigated whether a 90-min daytime nap (n = 33) compared to a wake period (n = 23) after being exposed to an experimental trauma (i.e. a trauma film) prevents PTSD analogue symptoms. Intrusive memories were recorded for seven days using a diary, overall PTSD symptoms were assessed using the Impact of Event Scale (IES-R) and affective response to trauma cues were measured one week after experimental trauma. The two groups did not differ in any of the analogue PTSD symptoms. However, participants obtaining rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in the nap experienced less distressing intrusive memories. Moreover, the duration of REM sleep and slow wave activity was negatively correlated with analogue PTSD symptoms. Our findings suggest that even a short sleep period after experimental trauma can play a protective role in trauma memory formation but only if the nap contains REM sleep. Our data provide additional evidence for a critical role of REM sleep in PTSD development.

DETERMINATION OF SAFETY PROFILE OF REPARATIVE ACTIVITY OF THE NEW HYGIENIC PRODUCT “APIPROL”

The aim: To prove safety of the new elixir and determine the effect on regenerative processes under conditions of the experimental trauma. Materials and methods: The formula of the new dental elixir “Apiprol” includes biologically active components of bee products (propolis, comb capping wax), plant origin compounds. The elixir was single administered, intragastrally to white nonlinear mice weighing (22±2) g at doses at 50 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, 5000 mg/kg. Acute toxicity of the new hygienic product “Apiprol” was investigated by a single application at the rate of 1000 and 5000 mg/kg animal weight. Subacute (chronic) toxicity was studied when elixir was applied to the skin of 10 mice at a single daily dose of 500 mg/kg for one month. A local irritant effect of the elixir on the oral mucosa was examined in 14 white rats daily after application for 3–5 min. The study of reparative activity was carried out on an experimental model of the wound process. Results: The elixir’s components promote tissues regeneration, rapid epithelialization and wound surfaces healing, having a highly immune stimulating activity and antibacterial properties. Conclusions: The performed study proved a complete safety of the new elixir “Apiprol” and indicated a necessity of the further development of this preparation in order to create a greater variety of dental means produced in Ukraine.

Experimental trauma rapidly modifies functional connectivity

Traumatic events can produce emotional, cognitive and autonomous physical responses. This may ultimately lead to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a psychiatric syndrome which requires comprehensive treatment. Trauma exposure alters functional connectivity; however, onset and nature of these changes are unknown. Here, we explore functional connectivity changes at rest directly after experimental trauma exposure. Seventy-three healthy subjects watched either a trauma or a control film. Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging measurements were conducted before and directly after the film. Seed-based analyses revealed trauma-related changes in functional connectivity, specifically including decreases of connectivity between amygdala and middle temporal gyrus and increases between hippocampus and precuneus. These central effects were accompanied by trauma-related increases in heart rate. Moreover, connectivity between the amygdala and middle temporal gyrus predicted subsequent trauma-related valence. Our results demonstrate rapid functional connectivity changes in memory-related brain regions at rest after experimental trauma, selectively relating to changes in emotions evoked by the trauma manipulation. Results could represent an early predictive biomarker for the development of trauma-related PTSD and thus provide an indication for the need of early targeted preventive interventions.