A Rare Case of Joint Infection due to Raoultella planticola

Raoultella planticola, a gram-negative bacterium, first emerged in late 1900s as Klebsiella planticola. It was later classified as Raoultella genus in 2001. This nonmotile rod is usually found in soil and aquatic environment. There are two known species of Raoultella: R. planticola and R. ornithinolytica. They are responsible for numerous yet rare infections including cystitis, pneumonia, and bacteremia. To date, only one case of joint or bone infection due to R. planticola has been reported. The infection is eradicated after arthroscopic lavage and antibiotic therapy with fluoroquinolones. We present the first case of septic arthritis due to R. planticola involving a native knee joint following synovectomy during arthroscopy.

Прикладное значение определения репродуктивного потенциала и агрессивности грибных и псевдогрибных патогенов картофеля и томата

Определен репродуктивный потенциал патогенов картофеля и томата грибной и псевдогрибной природы для оценки эффективности применения средств защиты растений. Выбранный подход позволяет уточнить силу и надежность фунгицидного эффекта против различных патогенов. Опыты проводили в 2013 и 2014 годах в лаборатории защиты растений РГАУ – МСХА имени К. А. Тимирязева. Для сравнения нескольких подходов, оценивающих эффективность средств защиты растений, мы провели анализ массива данных по способности азотфиксирующей ризобактерии Klebsiella planticola подавлять альтернариоз на картофеле. В последние годы это заболевание становится лидирующим на картофеле и очень существенным на томате. В полевых условиях агрессивность определяли распространенностью болезни (эквивалентна частоте инфекции), развитием болезни (степень некротизации, эквивалентна размеру некрозов) и интенсивностью спороношения, выявляемой путем микроскопического анализа полевых образцов в лабораторных условиях. Частоту инфекции, размер некрозов и интенсивность спороношения определяли по специально разработанным шкалам. Для определения интенсивности спороношения, исследуемые растительные ткани выдерживали во влажной камере и затем подвергали микроскопированию. Значения показателей развития болезни и ее возбудителя авторы ранжировали, то есть отнесли к стандартизованным диапазонам (интервалам) значений. Ранговая оценка болезней составлялась на основе закона Вебера – Фехнера. На основе данных значений для всех вариантов подсчитали биологическую, споруляционную и фитосанитарную эффективности. Далее все полученные и подсчитанные показатели перевели в ранги. Определяя наличие фунгицидного эффекта от обработок ризобактерией K. planticola, на основе подсчитанных рангов определили суммарные рейтинги всех показателей в соответствии с консервативным и интегральным подходами. Значения индексов развития, образования конидий и агрессивности позволяют рассчитывать пороги экономической вредоносности, строить краткосрочные и долгосрочные прогнозы развития фитофтороза и альтернариоза на картофеле и томате, и в результате оптимизировать системы принятия решений (СПР) и системы поддержки принятия решений (СППР) для уменьшения экологических рисков и экономических затрат на проведение защитных мероприятий. Установлено, что метод целесообразно применять при особо важных испытаниях различных химических средств защиты растений. Кроме того, определение репродуктивного потенциала патогенов картофеля грибной и псевдогрибной природы позволит оценить фитосанитарный потенциал посадок картофеля и томата, уточнить их стратегии размножения и фитосанитарные риски последующих эпифитотий на картофеле и томате.The work purpose: determination of the reproductive potential of the pathogen of potato and tomato mushroom and pseudogenes nature to assess the effectiveness of means of protection of plants. The chosen approach allows to clarify the strength and reliability of the fungicidal effect against various pathogens. The experiments were carried out in 2013 and 2014 in the laboratory of plant protection, Russian state agrarian University – MTAA named after K. A. Timiryazev. For comparison of multiple approaches, evaluating the effectiveness of means of protection of plants, we analyzed the array data on the ability of pgpr n-fixing Klebsiella planticola to suppress early blight on potato. In recent years, this disease has become a leader on potatoes and very significant on tomato. In the field, their aggressiveness was determined by the prevalence of the disease (equivalent to frequency of infections), disease activity (degree of leaf tissue becoming necrotic, equivalent to necrosis) and the intensity of sporulation, detectable by microscopic analysis of field samples in the laboratory. The infection rate, necrosis size and sporulation intensity were determined by specially designed scales. To determine the intensity of sporulation, the studied plant tissues were kept in a moist chamber and then subjected to microscopy. The authors ranked the values of indicators of disease development and its causative agent, that is, referred to the standardized ranges (intervals) of values. The ranking assessment of diseases was based on the Weber – Fechner law. On the basis of these values, biological, sporulation and phytosanitary efficiency was calculated for all variants. Then all the obtained and calculated indicators were transferred to the ranks. Determining the presence of the fungicidal effect of treatments of rhizobacteria K. planticola, based on the calculated ranks determined the total ratings of all indicators in accordance with conservative and integral approaches. The values of the indices of development, conidia formation and aggressiveness allow us to calculate the thresholds of economic harmfulness, to build short-and long-term forecasts of the development of late blight and alternariosis on potatoes and tomato, and as a result to optimize decision-making systems (DMS) and decision support systems (DSS) to reduce environmental risks and economic costs of protective measures. It is established that the method is expedient to apply at especially important tests of various chemical means of protection of plants. In addition, the determination of the reproductive potential of potato pathogens of fungal and pseudo-fungal nature will allow to assess the phytosanitary potential of potato and tomato plantings, to clarify their breeding strategies and phytosanitary risks of subsequent epiphytoties on potatoes and tomato.

In VitroAntibacterial Spectrum ofSodium Seleniteagainst Selected Human Pathogenic Bacterial Strains

The objective of this investigation was to predict the antibacterial properties ofsodium seleniteagainst selected human pathogens. A group of six human bacterial pathogens includingStaphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus pyogenes,Bacillus subtilis,Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, andKlebsiella planticolawere utilized for screening. The spectrum of activity was qualified based on zone of inhibition. Our study demonstrated thatsodium seleniteexhibits a strong spectrum of activity againstBacillus subtilis,Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli, andKlebsiella planticola.The spectrum of activity was compared with standard ciprofloxacin disc (5 μg/disc) and observed to have satisfactory effect.

A Risk Model by Fitting Function for the Wastewater of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry

a risk model to assess the environmental risk of wastewater from the traditional Chinese medicine manufacturers was set to cope with the increasing pollution. The Klebsiella planticola was selected as the indicator because of the sensitive reaction of its mass growth, the highest correlationship(r=0.989) with significance (P=0.001＜0.01) along with the change of the wastewater’s concentrations and the perfect coefficient of fitting function (R2=1). The dose-effective relationship among microbial indicator and pollutants, which was analyzed and verified, was adopted to generate a fitting function. The fitting function equation was y=-0.945x4+0.971x3+0.314x2-0.114x +0.301; Thus, different risk levels were divided: No risk (0.2973≤OD600≤0.3010), Low risk (0.3010＜OD600＜0.4325, 0.1505＜OD600＜0.2973), Medium risk (0.4325≤OD600＜0.5640, 0.1505≤OD600＜0), High risk (0.5640≤OD600, OD600≤0.000). The sensitivity and precision of the risk assessment model could be guaranteed by the characteristics of the microbial indicator

Klebsiella pneumoniae Produces No Histamine: Raoultella planticola and Raoultella ornithinolytica Strains Are Histamine Producers

ABSTRACT Histamine fish poisoning is caused by histamine-producing bacteria (HPB). Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca are the best-known HPB in fish. However, 22 strains of HPB from fish first identified as K. pneumoniae or K. oxytoca by commercialized systems were later correctly identified as Raoultella planticola (formerly Klebsiella planticola) by additional tests. Similarly, five strains of Raoultella ornithinolytica (formerly Klebsiella ornithinolytica) were isolated from fish as new HPB. R. planticola and R. ornithinolytica strains were equal in their histamine-producing capabilities and were determined to possess the hdc genes, encoding histidine decarboxylase. On the other hand, a collection of 61 strains of K. pneumoniae and 18 strains of K. oxytoca produced no histamine.