Desempenho individual no trabalho: proposições para uma mensuração personalizada e um diagnóstico abrangente

PurposeIndividual job performance is a phenomenon of fundamental importance for organizations, but difficult to measure and often with restricted diagnoses. The aim of this study was to present a set of general indicators of individual performance at work that contemplate different dimensions of this construct to support a personalized measurement and a comprehensive diagnosis.Originality / RelevanceIt presents a set of items that allows a comprehensive approach to work performance composed of eight behavioral classes and a personalized way of measuring it in different areas of work and occupational functions.Design / Methodology / ApproachThe work followed a theoretical stage and an empirical one. In the former, the theoretical model was chosen, the construct was operationalized, and job performance scales' items were selected. In the empirical stage, the items were classified, selected, and adapted according to the dimensions of the chosen theoretical model, based on an evaluators' analysis (n = 16), an expert panel (n = 6) and a semantic validation with professionals (n = 9).FindingsThe study generated 56 items for measuring job performance, distributed in eight dimensions, according to the theoretical model adopted. Its use will allow a careful measurement of performance, with comprehensive diagnostics on the topic. Additionally, the findings allow academics and managers to raise the level of debates about the construct to favor theoretical advances in the area and instigate new methodological advances.

The experimental verification of how light spreads at large distances - A missing experiment at foundation

We recognize that the spreading of light at large distances (the whole space) is the only property which can decide by yes or no if light really behaves physically like waves, while the fit of the waves for describing the diffraction fringes is insufficient for this purpose. Indeed, the fringe space is too limited and hence, brings the possibility of misinterpretation. Hence, the experiment for the verification if light is spreading like waves at large distances is necessary in principle, and is crucial. However, very surprisingly and tragically, this experiment was totally missing in history. This experiment uses the simplest diffraction case, in which a beam of light falls perpendicularly with its axis on the line and the plane of a straight edge. Practically, this experiment verifies if there is a dependence of the diffracted light at large distances in the geometrical shadow on the changes in beam thickness traversal to a single straight edge, while the distribution of light along the straight edge remains the same. If this dependence exists, as the wave theory for light fundamentally predicts, then the wave approach to light is physically true. If there is no dependence then light cannot behave physically like waves. This experiment can clearly be developed and performed without any calculation from the wave approach, just by a careful measurement practice. However, for a broader view, we describe in detail wave results for spreading of light at large distance, which illustrate the experiment – what are the spatial points where the measurement must be done to see if the above dependence exists, and which is the big picture for the wave approach. We attempted this experiment for many years, but could not finish it because of the lack of resources to measure at 100–500 m. The present article will empower big labs to perform this experiment. However, we show alternatively that the answer to how light spreads also comes from comparing the well known data for the diffraction on macroscopic holes with relatively recent data for the diffraction on nanoscopic holes. This comparison clearly shows that light does not spread physically like waves, which makes necessary a new, non-wave but periodic structure for light. Such an alternative answer regarding the spreading of light also makes absolutely necessary to perform the above missing experiment, as a direct way that convinces anybody how light is spreading.

Proximity, NIMBYism, and Public Support for Energy Infrastructure

The public opinion literature examining the role of proximity and not-in-my-backyard (NIMBY) attitudes in people’s judgments about energy projects has come to inconclusive findings. We argue that these mixed results are due to vast differences and significant limitations in research designs, which we mitigate through a large study (n = 16,200) of Americans’ attitudes toward energy projects. Our approach examines a diverse set of energy projects in development, explicitly compares the attitudes of individuals living in the vicinity of projects with those farther away, and includes the careful measurement of the NIMBY concept. The analyses show little evidence that proximity in general or NIMBY objections in particular are important determinants of project support. Instead, other factors are more important, including perceptions of local environmental quality, risk orientation, concern about climate change, and trust in energy companies.

On Methodology for Designing Architectural Lighting of Production Site Interior Part 111: Results and Conclusions

This is the final, third part, on the presentation of Chapter 4 and the results of the Vladimir Voronov thesis [1], successfully defended at the Moscow Architectural Institute in 1985 and devoted to the author’s method of designing architectural lighting for industrial interiors with three main upper lantern types of natural daylight and artificial lighting. The method was developed on the basis of longterm analytical calculations and numerous experiments conducted according to all the laws of statistics in natural conditions and in the camera “Mirror-type artificial sky” created by the author using planar and volumetric (on mock-ups) light modelling with careful measurement of lighting parameters characterizing various states, qualities and options for luminance composition, light saturation of the interior space, contrast of lighting, etc. The conclusions of the dissertation give a general picture of the research work performed, the main meaning of which is the belief that the design of lighting in industrial (and in any other) interiors is not limited to providing elementary normalized lighting parameters, but is a complex, sophisticated, and creative task of architectural design where the light – natural and artificial – is the main “actor”, providing functional and aesthetic qualities to the interior.

A Modified Technique of Temporomandibular Joint Arthroscopic Operative Surgery of the Superior and Inferior Joint Spaces

Purpose This paper describes in detail the first author's technique of performing arthroscopic surgery in both the superior and inferior joint spaces of the temporomandibular joint. Methods The key is careful measurement of sagittal and coronal tomograms to determine the individual size and shape of the joint. The joint is then distracted to allow 3-port video arthroscopy. Results The detailed steps in the procedure are described and illustrated. Conclusion This modified technique is safe and allows procedures in both joint spaces and surgical access to the fossa, condyle and disc.

Las razones financieras como herramienta para la mejora en la gestión de las PYMES en Comalcalco, Tabasco

The present research work identified that one of the main problems affecting small and medium enterprises is the lack of necessary financing, which is one of factors that inhibit their development and growth. On the other hand, the intention for the development of the study began with the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the factors that affect the potential growth of SMEs in Comalcalco Tabasco. The research that was proposed was developed under a quantitative approach based on the observation, analysis, description and a careful measurement determined under a deductive logical framework of longitudinal cut in the environment of the formal sciences of social research. This research was carried out in a particular organization, considering numerical measurements, ranging from the general to the specific to establish patterns of financial behavior that allowed for the identification of strategies and techniques to access funding and thus reach the administrative consolidation that allows them to be more competitive in times of globalization.

Americans overestimate the intergenerational persistence in income ranks

Recent research suggests that intergenerational income mobility has remained low and stable in America, but popular discourse routinely assumes that Americans are optimistic about mobility prospects in society. Examining these 2 seemingly contradictory observations requires a careful measurement of the public’s perceptions of mobility. Unlike most previous work that measures perceptions about mobility outcomes for the overall population or certain subgroups, we propose a survey instrument that emphasizes the variation in perceived mobility prospects for hypothetical children across parent income ranks. Based on this survey instrument, we derive the perceived relationship between the income ranks of parents and children, which can then be compared against the actual rank–rank relationship reported by empirical work based on tax data. We fielded this instrument in a general population survey experiment (n= 3,077). Our results suggest that Americans overestimate the intergenerational persistence in income ranks. They overestimate economic prospects for children from rich families and underestimate economic prospects for those from poor families.

Quality Adjusting Education Sector Productivity

This article examines how quality-adjusted productivity indices for the education sector may be constructed and proposes methods for making such adjustments to basic measures of labour and multifactor productivity growth. Results highlight the need for careful measurement, showing that measures unadjusted for quality are unlikely to provide sufficiently robust signals about changes in productivity performance in the education sector on which policy advice could be built. Our evidence suggests that quality adjustment to both inputs and outputs can make substantial differences to conclusions about productivity growth trends over 2000–15 compared with unadjusted indices.

Modified PATH Methodology for Obtaining Interval-Scaled Postural Assessments of Farmworkers

Agricultural workers perform tasks that frequently require awkward and extreme postures that are associated with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The PATH (Posture, Activity, Tools, Handling) system currently provides a sound methodology for quantifying workers’ exposure to these awkward postures on an ordinal scale of measurement, which places restrictions on the choice of analytic methods. This study reports a modification of the PATH methodology that instead captures these postures as degrees of flexion, an interval-scaled measurement. Rather than making live observations in the field, as in PATH, the postural assessments were performed on photographs using ImageJ photo analysis software. Capturing the postures in photographs permitted more careful measurement of the degrees of flexion. The current PATH methodology requires that the observer in the field be trained in the use of PATH, whereas the single photographer used in this modification requires only sufficient training to maintain the proper camera angle. Ultimately, these interval-scale measurements could be combined with other quantitative measures, such as those produced by electromyograms (EMGs), to provide more sophisticated estimates of future risk for MSDs. Further, these data can provide a baseline from which the effects of interventions designed to reduce hazardous postures can be calculated with greater precision. Keywords: Ergonomic assessment, Farmworkers, Interval-scaled data, Musculoskeletal disorders.