Conclusion

This chapter reflects on how the book’s method of using the Kantian apparatus to build out the moral habitat idea has been an occasion to fundamentally rethink Kantian theory and to show it capable of engaging creatively with contemporary moral concerns. It has also expanded the very idea of a deontology by drawing out the implications of taking imperfect duties seriously and showing the merits of regarding the practical side of moral theory as a kind of participatory moral science. It offers reflections on the local and global implications of the moral habitat idea, the importance to it of innate right, and emphasizes the place of motive and its connection to moral value in the Kantian scheme.

The Open Society and Its Complexities

Two decades ago it was widely assumed that liberal democracy and the Open Society had won their century-long struggle against authoritarianism. Although subsequent events have shocked many, F. A. Hayek would not have been surprised that people are in many ways disoriented by the society they have created. For him, the Open Society was a precarious achievement, in many ways at odds with the deepest moral sentiments. He argued that the Open Society runs against humans’ evolved attraction to “tribalism”; that the Open Society is too complex for moral justification; and that its self-organized complexity defies attempts at democratic governance. In this wide-ranging work, Gerald Gaus re-examines Hayek’s analyses. Drawing on work in social and moral science, Gaus argues that Hayek’s program was prescient and sophisticated, always identifying real and pressing problems, though he underestimated the resources of human morality and the Open Society to cope with the challenges he perceived. Gaus marshals formal models and empirical evidence to show that the Open Society is grounded on the moral foundations of human cooperation originating in the distant evolutionary past, but has built upon them a complex and diverse society that requires rethinking both the nature of moral justification and the meaning of democratic self-governance. In these fearful, angry, and inward-looking times, when political philosophy has itself become a hostile exchange between ideological camps, The Open Society and Its Complexities shows how moral and ideological diversity, far from being the enemy of a free and open society, can be its foundation.

Implementation of Pancasila Value for Generation Z in Technology Development

As the ideology of Indonesia, the existence of Pancasila is not without any challenges. In the development of science and technology, the existence of Pancasila is full of struggles. One of the challenges is the rapid social development that have happened nowadays has brought some changes in social activities. These social changes are marked by the development of the generation based on the needs for science and technology. Generation Z nowadays is known as the most active in their activities that depends on the technology devices and for this reasons generation Z needs strong guidelines in utilizing it. The implementation Pancasila value for Generation Z must be in accordance with the needs of Generation Z that are vulnerable for the ethics and morality. The knowledge of Pancasila value with dynamic ways for Generation Z is important so the moral value in Pancasila can be reflected in the personality of Generation Z. The research aims to implement the value of Pancasila that is important for the development of generation Z in the rapid progress of technology nowadays. This research used qualitative method. The implementation of moral science and characters based on Pancasila for Generation Z should be dynamics in accordance with the development of technological era. The implementation of Pancasila value based on their needs and characters of Generation Z is an anticipative way so the value of believe in God, humanity, unity, democracy and social justice still exist and create young generation that have the moral value of Pancasila.

Implementation of Pancasila Value for Generation Z in Technology Development

As the ideology of Indonesia, the existence of Pancasila is not without any challenges. In the development of science and technology, the existence of Pancasila is full of struggles. One of the challenges is the rapid social development that have happened nowadays has brought some changes in social activities. These social changes are marked by the development of the generation based on the needs for science and technology. Generation Z nowadays is known as the most active in their activities that depends on the technology devices and for this reasons generation Z needs strong guidelines in utilizing it. The implementation Pancasila value for Generation Z must be in accordance with the needs of Generation Z that are vulnerable for the ethics and morality. The knowledge of Pancasila value with dynamic ways for Generation Z is important so the moral value in Pancasila can be reflected in the personality of Generation Z. The research aims to implement the value of Pancasila that is important for the development of generation Z in the rapid progress of technology nowadays. This research used qualitative method. The implementation of moral science and characters based on Pancasila for Generation Z should be dynamics in accordance with the development of technological era. The implementation of Pancasila value based on their needs and characters of Generation Z is an anticipative way so the value of believe in God, humanity, unity, democracy and social justice still exist and create young generation that have the moral value of Pancasila.

IN THE NAME OF "STRAIGHT CONDUCT", MUTUAL HELP, HONEST INDUSTRY AND PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE: REFLECTIONS ON INSTRUCTION AND MORAL EDUCATION (1824-1827)

In this article, I explore part of Silva Lisboa’s production, where he reinforces state religion and the articulation between science and revelation, a condition to reach a “higher stage”, whose best example could be seen in Great Britain. In my view, with the Constitution of the Brazilian Empire, it was necessary to outline the grounds for a straight conduct, thus associating moral science and theology as a strategy to fight the catechisms of libertinism.

Veille scientifique sur la recherche durkheimienne en Chine

*Full article is in FrenchEnglish abstract: This literature review presents seven major works on Durkheim written by leading Chinese researchers and published during the last 10 years. Some of them try to analyse Durkheim’s views in order to understand contemporary Chinese society, by questioning what Durkheim teaches us about moral education, or by examining his conception of the nation. Others are more in the nature of scholarly commentary on his theory, whether by examining notions of anomie, the division of labour, suicide or a moral science.French abstract: Cette revue de littérature présente sept principales publications (écrites par des chercheurs parmi les plus reconnus) consacrées à l’oeuvre de Durkheim en Chine et parues durant les dix dernières années. Certaines d’entre elles s’essayent à analyser l’actualité de Durkheim pour comprendre la société chinoise contemporaine, en interrogeant ce que Durkheim nous apprend à propos de l’éducation morale, ou encore en examinant sa conception de la nation. D’autres relèvent plus du commentaire érudit de sa théorie, que ce soit en se penchant sur la notion d’anomie, de division du travail, sur le suicide ou encore la science morale.