K shell X-ray intensity ratios, K-Li, K-L, and K-M vacancy transfer probabilities of Ba and Tl following internal conversion process

K shell X-rays of barium and thallium following internal conversion decay in Cs137 and Hg203, respectively, were detected using a Si(Li) X-ray detector coupled to PC-based 8k multichannel analyser employing the method suggested earlier by our group. The K shell X-ray intensity ratios and vacancy transfer probabilities for thallium and barium were calculated. The obtained results are compared with theoretical, semiempirical, and others’ experimental results obtained via photoionization as well as decay processes. The effects of beta decay and internal conversion on X-ray emission probabilities are discussed.

Study on Positron Annihilation Rate in Water

Measurement system for determination of positron annihilation rate is consisted of HPGe detector, multichannel analyser and Na$^{22}$ positron source. The result of annihilation rate measurement in wetted filter paper is treated. The formula of energy transfer model is used for explanation obtained data quantitatively.

In-situ Real Time Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Applied to the Surface Monitoring of Semiconductors

A new kind of Real Time Spectroscopie Ellipsometer (RTSE) system is presented in detail. A multichannel analyser with photointensifier allows one to get spectroscopie measurements over the 0.25–0.85μm wavelength range with resolution λ/Δλ better than 500 and a good signal to noise ratio even for samples with poor reflectance. Precision and reproducibility of the system are around 0.3 and 0.1% for the two ellipsometric parameters. The measurement speed can be increased up to 15 spectra/s but must be adapted accurately to the process under control. An example of the heating process of a GaAs substrate measured in-situ by RTSE is presented and the temperature and native oxide thickness are deduced.

The Detection of Superlattice Lines in Cu-Zn Alloys using a Solid State Detector

Using a high purity germanium solid state detector with sufficiently high energy resolution to discriminate between copper Kα and Kβ radiation, the superlattice reflections of the ordered Cu-Zn β′ brass structure have be detected by the anomalous dispersion effect. By coupling the high purity germanium solid state detector to a multichannel analyser, the superlattice reflections of the β′ brass structure were also detected by energy dispersive x-ray diffraction. Other applications for this combination of high resolution detector, electronic energy discriminator and multichannel analyser are indicated.