Understanding how roads behave is necessary both for their design and also to make sure that suitable and appropriate maintenance is programmed and carried out effectively. The problem is that this is not an easy task because there are many variables that affect road performance, and these differ from place to place. This is true of both paved and unpaved roads. Most countries have a large network of rural unpaved roads that require regular maintenance at relatively high total cost over many years. If the performance of such roads can be improved, especially in whole life terms, their costs can be reduced. Decision support tools such as the highway development and management system have been developed based on several studies in different countries. The performance models developed as a result of these studies often contain many variables and require extensive data collection before they can be used. This is often beyond the resources available. To improve this situation and to develop better understanding of the performance of gravel roads, this study was undertaken in six countries. It was found that two material characteristics, namely plasticity product and grading modulus, had a major effect on the performance of gravel roads, and were found to predict the performance of gravel roads to an acceptable level of accuracy. The results of the study were used to develop a simple life-cycle costing model for gravel roads that allows engineers to improve the performance of gravel roads and to reduce whole life costs.
Development of a Simplified Agency Life-Cycle Costing Tool for Gravel Roads