A new species, Miersia putaendensis (Amaryllidaceae), endemic to Central Chile, is described. The new species differs from all known species of Miersia by featuring a white staminal tube with a purple spot and two upper linear, cuneiform floral appendages directed towards the front in its frontal lobe, the apex of which is toothed and deflexed. It inhabits southern slopes of sclerophyll woodlands and scrubs, particularly along rocks. Currently, the species is critically endangered. A detailed description, illustration, distribution map of the new species, and a dichotomous key with all accepted species of Miersia are provided.
The studies were carried out with the aim of assessing the preventive effect of treatment of remontant raspberries with strains of bacteria of the genus Bacillus against mycoses of aerial organs. The research was carried out during 2016–2018 while field experiments on production plantings of remontant raspberries of the agricultural artel “Sady Sibiri” (Novosibirsk region). Plants were treated in the budding phase and at the beginning of fruit filling by spraying the aboveground system with a working fluid containing a bioagent at a concentration of 1 · 104 CFU / ml. The presence of a protective preventive action of saprotrophic bacteria of the genus Bacillus of B. amyloliquefaciens strains VKPM B-10642, B. subtilis VKPM B-10641 and a mixed preparation Fitop 8.67 against gray rot of remontant raspberries with a biological efficiency of 40–46% under conditions of provocative background was revealed. In protection against purple spot and leaf septoria, the effect of strains B. amyloliquefaciens VKPM B-10642, B. subtilis VKPM B-10641, B. licheniformis VKPM B-10562 with a biological efficiency of up to 39–66% was proved. The formulation Fitop 8.67 reduced the level of development of purple spotting of stems by 1.2–1.6 times. Strains B. amyloliquefaciens VKPM B-10642, B. subtilis VKPM B-10641 and Fitop 8.67. The use of it is promising as an ecologically safe method for managing the phytosanitary state of plantations, exhibited an effective and stable protective effect against mycoses of the aerial organs of remontant raspberries.
The intensity of diseases and pests was determined in LLP "Kazakh Research Institute of Plant Protection and Quarantine named after Zhazken Zhiembayev" in the test center of phytosanitary laboratory analysis for phytopathological and entomological examination.
As a result of the analysis of entomological examination on the leaves of raspberries were found pests of the plant. No pests or nematodes were found in soil samples.
On the basis of the symptoms of the disease and phytopathological analyses, it was found that the presented samples of raspberries are parasitic with purple spot, the causative agent of Didymella applanala, as well as secondarily inhabited by fungi of the genera Fuzarium, Aspergillius, Alternaria, Penicillium, Mucor.
Classical phytopathological methods were used for the phytopathological diagnosis of raspberry disease. Determination of fungal and bacterial microflora was carried out on morphological and cultural characteristics of the colony of fungi and bacteria isolated in pure culture.
The complete mitochondrial genome of Purple Spot Mantis Shrimp Gonodactylus smithii (Pocock, 1893)