The Potential of Hydroxyapatite Toothpaste towards the Hypersensitive Tooth

Dental hypersensitivity is a communal problem that we may often encounter in the daily life of both men and women, especially in the elderly who can unconsciously affect every daily activity. Dentin hypersensitivity is defined as sharp pain caused by stimulation of exposed dentin and unprotected dentin by enamel which can be caused by attrition, abrasion, crown fracture, gingival recession, and orthodontic trauma. Aim: The aim of this study was to analyse the potential of hydroxyapatite toothpaste towards the hypersensitive tooth through literature review. Method: This study analyzed 35 journals from each database PubMed, Ebsco, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Wiley Online Library, and other international journal websites with keywords hydroxyapatite, hypersensitive dentin, remineralization. Conclusion: Toothpaste containing hydroxyapatite was more effective than toothpaste without hydroxyapatite in inducing tooth remineralization process. The use of toothpaste containing hydroxyapatite in the long term and routine for 15 days is more effective in reducing dental hypersensitivity.

Persistent Headache Caused by Post-Traumatic External Nasal Neuralgia: A Case Report

A 50-year-old female patient presented with a severe headache characterized by sharp pain localized in the right frontal area above the right eye. The patient’s right nostril was cauterized to stop a nosebleed one year prior to the start of the pain. Physical examinations revealed that the pain was aggravated by touch of the right lateral side of the nose and in severe attacks radiated to the maxillary frontal teeth. Blood tests, magnetic resonance image (MRI) and computer scanning (CT) scan images were all normal. The patient was diagnosed with post-traumatic external nasal neuralgia and symptoms were relieved and nearly resolved completely using a nasal cleanse and lubrication of the nose.

Open Pyelolithotomy in a Pelvic Ectopic Kidney: Case Report and Current Literature Review

BACKGROUND: Advances in urology have significantly reduced the indications for open surgery to treat staghorn kidney stones. Nevertheless, according to our experience, open surgery is still the preferred treatment for rare cases of the ectopic pelvic kidney. CASE PRESENTATION: A 49-year-old man complained about pain in the lower umbilical region for five months. The pain drastically changed into a sharp pain two months before. The vital sign is normal; on physical examination, the palpation of the suprapubic area elicits pain when pressed, no mass is detected. The abdominal computed tomography without contrast showed a right ectopic kidney located anteriorly of the fifth lumbar to the second sacrum. There was also mild hydronephrosis (grade I) and staghorn stones measuring 4 cm x 2.3 cm. The stone was surgically treated with open pyelolithotomy through a midline infra umbilical incision. The patient was discharged five days postoperatively without distinct complications. CONCLUSION: Open surgery can represent a valid alternative in the treatment of kidney stones of very selected cases, including anomalous kidneys, in a setting where resources are limited.

Sharp pain in a normal Achilles tendon of a professional female football player was related to a plantaris tendon in a rare position: a case report

Background Plantaris tendinopathy and plantaris-associated Achilles tendinopathy can be responsible for chronic pain in the Achilles tendon midportion, often accompanied by medial tenderness. As conservative treatments are less successful for this patient group, proper diagnosis is important for decision making. This report presents a case with plantaris tendinopathy in a rare (superficial) location. Case presentation This article describes a pain history and treatment timeline of a professional Swedish female soccer player (32 years old, Northern European ethnicity, white) who suffered from sharp pain in the Achilles tendon midportion and tenderness on the medial and superficial side for about 2 years. Conservative treatments, including eccentric exercises, were not successful and, to some extent, even caused additional irritation in that region. Ultrasound showed a wide and thick plantaris tendon located on the superficial side of the Achilles tendon midportion. The patient was surgically treated with local removal of the plantaris tendon. After surgery there was a relatively quick (4–6 weeks) rehabilitation, with immediate weight bearing, gradual increased loading, and return to running activities after 4 weeks. At follow-up at 8 weeks, the patient was running and had not experienced any further episodes of sharp pain during change of direction or sprinting. Conclusions The plantaris tendon should be considered as a possible source of Achilles tendon pain. This case study demonstrates that the plantaris tendon can be found in unexpected (superficial) positions and needs to be carefully visualized during clinical and imaging examinations.

Depression and Anxiety as Important Aggravating Factors of Pain in Morton’s Neuroma

This report represents a case of Morton’s Neuroma with episodic severe sharp pain. Initially, the patient was prescribed Naproxen 500 mg twice per day, anti-inflammatory topical cream, as well as massage. In a follow up visit, the patient was still experiencing frequent episodic sharp pain. In detailed patient interview, it was revealed that she has depression and anxiety and suffers from social isolation, which was concurrent with episodes of severe pain. Therefore, she was referred to a psychologist and a community support group and started practicing body relaxation techniques such as guided imagery and breathing exercises. The new treatment strategy had a major impact on improving her symptoms. This report aims to illustrate that depression and anxiety can be one of the main aggravating factors in episodic pain in Morton’s neuroma and removing psychosocial contributors of pain has the potential to decrease the need for more invasive interventions.

Diagnostics, treatment and rehabilitation of testicular torsion in children (literature review)

Testiculat torsion (TT) is an emergency condition that is accompanied by partial or complete chorda spermatica vessels compression resulting in testicular infraction. TT main symptoms are sharp pain, scrotal hyperemia, generalized edema, nausea, vomiting and unconsciousness. However, these symptoms are characteristic of many other acute diseases of genital gland. In course of time the symptoms are less defined, which in its turn raises the issue of timely differential diagnostics. Purpose – to optimize and generalize about modern literature data on testicular torsion in children diagnostics, treatment and rehabilitation. Medical history taking, considering clinical data and checking the symptoms typical for PP during diagnostic process is crucial. It is important to use instrumental diagnostic methods, with echographic and scyntigraphic ones to be the main ones. After having confirmed PP diagnosis, treatment has to be started immediately. There are two methods of testicular detorsion, i.e. manual bloodless detorsion and invasive detorsion with further orchiopexy. Post-surgical phase is significant for preserving the patient’s fertility in the future. Post-TT rehabilitation includes medication, physiotherapeutic procedures, genital gland fixing from contralateral side, and, in case of testicle loss through non-timely treatment, testicle endoprosthesing. Testicular torsion is a complicated and understudied issue. Critical ischemia sets on in 12–16 hours from the onset of disease. As of today, the issue of diagnostics, treatment and rehabilitation of patients with acute testicular torsion has not been studied completely and requires further study. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: testicular torsion, differential diagnosis, orchiopexy, endoprosthesis.

Clinical picture and risk factors of occurrence of pulmonary artery thromboembolism

Pulmonary artery thromboembolism (PATE) is a life-threatening condition in which the pulmonary artery or its branches are occluded by a detached thrombus (embolus). In this case, a thrombus can form both on the walls of blood vessels and directly in the right ventricle or atrium; in some cases, air or fat embolism may occur. The most common cause of pulmonary thromboembolism are thrombi that appear in the vessels of the lower extremities and migrate upward; a particular danger are floating thrombi, which attach to the vascular wall with one «leg» and can easily come off when coughing or exercising. Pulmonary embolism occurs in 1 case per 1000 patients, is observed mainly in adults and has a high mortality rate. There are no specific signs, characteristic of this particular pathology. Patients may have a sharp pain behind the sternum of a pleuritic nature, sudden shortness of breath, tachycardia, sometimes a cough with hemoptysis; precollaptoid state or even loss of consciousness may occur. Correct diagnosis is of utmost importance for the timely provision of emergency care. To make a diagnosis, pulse oximetry, chest radiography, CT angiography, and duplex or triplex angioscanning are used. In case of untimely provision of medical care, mortality in this condition can reach 50 %.