Instrumental Variable Estimation in Demographic Studies: The LATE interpretation of the IV estimator with heterogenous effects

Heterogeneous effects of treatment on an outcome is a plausible assumption to make about the vast majority of causal relationships studied in the social sciences. In these circumstances the IV estimator is often interpreted as yielding an estimate of a Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE): a marginal change in the outcome for those whose treatment is changed by the variation of the particular instrument in the study. Our aim is to explain the relationship between the LATE parameter and its IV estimator by using a simple model which is easily accessible to applied researchers, and by relating the model to examples from the demographic literature. A focus of the paper is how additional heterogeneity in the instrument – treatment relationship affects the properties and interpretation of the IV estimator. We show that if the two kinds of heterogeneity are correlated, then the LATE parameter combines both the underlying treatment effects and the parameters from the instrument – treatment relationship. It is then a more complicated concept than many researchers realise.

The role of the clinical interview in suicide risk assessment

In this text, the role of the clinical interview in the assessment of suicide risk is discussed. In assessing risk, both the ‘objective/descriptive’ and the ‘experiential’ perspectives are important, which will be described in more detail. In addition to the role of the clinical interview in assessing risk, this critical clinical interaction is also the beginning of the treatment relationship and crisis intervention; thus, it has a role in reducing the risk of suicide. Finally, we comment briefly on the clinician’s conscious, as well as unconscious responses to the patient or ‘countertransference’ that can arise in the interview of potentially suicidal patients, and their potential impact on the assessment of risk.

Notion of Patient Duties

A trend is emerging in the Latvian legal system to refer to patient duties more and more, thus consolidating the idea of patient duties. Deficiencies are found, however, in the interpretation of the idea of patient duties, which lacks consistent distinction from related notions. Nowadays, not only is the attention to patient duties in the medical treatment relationship growing, but changes are also taking place which are directed at expanding the interpretation of patient duties, creating groundwork for new patient duties in medical treatment. The aim of the research is to analyse the notion of patient duties, find deficiencies in its interpretation and propose specific solutions to improve the definition of patient duties. The following primary research methods have been used in the study: analytical, systemic, teleological. The research results include an interpretation of the definition of patient duties, distinguishing it from related notions and analysing the trend of expanding the interpretation of patient duties. Based on this interpretation, a proposal is made for improvement of the laws and regulations.

HUBUNGAN PERAWATAN CATHETER VENA CENTRAL (CVC) TERHADAP TERJADINYA INFEKSI ALIRAN DARAH PRIMER (IADP)

Central vein Catheter Treatment (CVC) is the treatment of a hose that is used to provide liquids or medicines. Appliance is installed in a blood vessel near the heart. The primary infection of blood flow occurring within 48 hours after the installation of CVC The purpose of this research is to know the CVC treatment relationship in CVC attached patients to the primary blood flow infection in ICU RSUP. H. Adam Malik Medan. The study uses correlation and observation research methods. The population in this research is the entire patient who CVC has installed, as well as all the nurses who do the CVC treatment. Based on the data obtained by the patient as much as 76 people. Patients are inclusiveness if the patient is hospitalized in less than 24 hours, and drop out if the patient dies in the treatment before it is found signs of IADP,as well as patients who come out of Adam Malik, then there are 32 patients. Research instruments in the form of questionnaires according to IADP. Analysis of data used statistical tests test Chi-Square. The results of the majority of the study of a major vein catether treatment (CVC) were as much as 28 (87.5%), the majority of which did not occur as much as 27 people (84.4%). Statistical test results obtained by the value of p- value =0.000 (<0.05) can be concluded there is a central venous catether treatment Relationship (CVC) in patients attached CVC to the occurrence of primary blood flow infection).

Implementation of psychosocial support project in a pediatric oncology camping program.

e22534 Background: The oncological treatment can generate psychosocial distress for patients and their families. The Beaba Camping aims to educate and empower patients and caregivers through Technology Information and Gamification. In August 2019, in the third edition of the project, a pilot of Psychosocial Support Program was implemented to provide an integrative care to 71 children and adolescents under cancer treatment and 68 caregivers. Methods: Five psychologists, specialized in paediatric psycho oncology and palliative care, were selected to structure the Psychosocial Support Program and conduct interventions during three days of the camping. Based on evidences and experiences, the psychologists divided the interventions in: 1. Individually - children and adolescents. 2. Group - caregivers: 2.1. Belonging: identification and recognition of peers. Identification of psychological distress and similar fears; 2.2. Psychological Group Intervention: creation of groups to facilitate the intervention and bonding; 2.3. Feeling of the Day: expression of which emotion was the most prevalent each day of camping; 2.4. A Word of Support: exchange supportive statements among the peers. Results: 20 children/adolescents and 19 caregivers were attended individually, with demands variating from: Anxiety and sadness; Fear of future and prognosis; Social isolation and adaptation. 68 adults participated in groups that brought discussions involving: Biggest fears and difficult moments of the treatment; Relationship with their children and adolescents; Coping strategies and spirituality. Conclusions: The Psychosocial Support is an important and essential part of the cancer treatment. The Camping with Psychosocial Support Program may enable the demystification of the role of the psychologist, the link between professionals and patients and their caregivers, the binding among peers and the education about how the psychosocial support can be helpful to everyone involved in the treatment. For future improvements, more psychologists will participate in order to attend a larger number of participants and to perform more group interventions, including with children and adolescents.