Removal of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide from livestock farm by copper modified activated carbon

<p>Ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), as the main odorous substances in waste gas from livestock farm, have attracted more attentions rescently since their adverse effects. To remove NH3 and H2S efficiently, high-pressure hydrothermal modification (HPHM), metal salt solution impregnation modification (MSIM), and HPHM combined with MSIM are used to modify the activated carbon (AC). Meanwhile, the pore structure and surface functional groups of AC and MAC absorbents are characterized by BET, FTIR and Boehm titration method. The adsorption performance of activated carbon (AC) and modified activated carbon (MAC) are compared. The effects of modification and operation conditions on the adsorption performance of MAC for NH3 and H2S are studied in detail. It was found that the optimal adsorption performance of MAC can be achieved by high-pressure hydrothermal modification (HPHM) followed by the metal salt solution impregnation modification (MSIM). With gas space velocity of 900 h-1 and total inlet concentration of 550-650 mg m-3 at 50 oC, the adsorption capacities of NH3 and H2S of GS270CuCl6010 are 24.17 mg g-1 and 26.20 mg g-1, respectively. The adsorption of NH3 and H2S by MAC is the result of both physical adsorption and chemical adsorption.</p>

Carbon Nanotube Synthesis from Block Copolymer Deposited Catalyst

A block copolymer/metal-salt solution was used to deposit metal nanoparticles on substrates, from which carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were grown in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) chamber. Mono and hybrid catalysts of Fe, Ni, and Co-nitrates were tested, and separately Co, Ni, and Cu-chlorides. In both cases cobalt/cobalt-hybrids produced the highest density of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Slight vertical growth, though sparse, was observed after growth at 800°C from a nickel catalyst on single-crystal aluminium oxide (~130nm diameter).

Reduction of Nitrous Oxide in Diesel Engine using Metal Salt Macro-Emulsion

In this paper four new emulsions were prepared by mixing 0.5% tween 85 and 0.5% span 80 with diesel fuel using 10% aqueous metal salt solution with concentration of 0.4 mol/dm³. The performance and emission tests were carried out by using these fuels in single cylinder water cooled diesel engine. The results were compared with that of diesel and comparison graphs were plotted to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of using the new emulsions over diesel. This report analyze on the effect of new emulsion fuels combustion on brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, oxides of nitrogen and hydrocarbon emissions. The emulsions used for analysis achieved reasonable reductions in the NOx emission from diesel engines without requiring any retrofitting of the engines and also there was no notable increase in emission of other pollutants.

Metal Salt Solution-Nanoprecipitation Method for Improvement in Reliability of Sintered Ag Nanoparticle Bonding

Interest in die-attach materials with high thermostability has been stimulated by the high junction temperature of power semiconductors. Sintered Ag nanoparticle bonding is the most attractive candidate for use as solder because of its high melting point (1253 K) and low process temperature (~573 K). Recent studies have assumed that this bonding exhibits high thermostability above 573 K. However, in fact, it is difficult to preserve the bonding strength after high-temperature storage at 523 K for 1000 h. Thus, we first clarified that the sintered Ag nanoparticle bonding was degraded by micropore coalescence caused by the Ag grain growth. We then developed the metal salt solution-nanoprecipitation (MS2NP) method for improving the reliability of the sintered Ag nanoparticle bonding. We found that the bonding used by the MS2NP method can maintain a high die-shear strength (~40 MPa) even after high-temperature storage at 573 K for 1000 h.

Continuous hydrothermal synthesis and crystallization of magnetic oxide nanoparticles

The continuous hydrothermal synthesis of nanoparticles of two metal oxides (α–Fe2O3 and Co3O4) is described. Two variations of the technique were investigated, involving the precipitation reaction between a metal salt solution and a hydroxide solution at ambient conditions and at elevated temperatures. Elevated temperatures resulted in more uniform particles of α–Fe2O3 and Co3O4, although the actual sizes of the particles were apparently unaffected by the temperature. This behavior was attributed to the species present in solution and the solubilities of the cation(s), both of which were calculated via a thermodynamic model for the systems under study.