Exploring Ni(Mn1/3Cr2/3)2O4 spinel-based electrodes for solid oxide cells

The alkaline earth element- and cobalt-free Ni(Mn1/3Cr2/3)2O4 spinel is used to form composite electrodes with an oxygen ion conductive phase for symmetrical solid oxide cells, and applied successfully in both solid oxide fuel cell and solid oxide electrolysis cell modes.

Thermodynamic Stability Areas of Polyvanadates of Alkaline Earth Metals

A thermodynamic method of the global Gibbs energy variation calculation for describing heterogeneous equilibria of transformations of calcium, strontium, and barium polyvanadates, that occur in systems MeO-V2O5-H2O, where Me is the alkaline earth element, has been developed and used. Its quintessence consists in the thermodynamic analysis of the real conditions of various processes on the basis of their total thermodynamic characteristics. On the basis of the selected thermodynamic data for involved species, the thermodynamic stability areas of solid polyvanadates towards the solution pH and vanadium and alkaline earth metal ion concentrations in heterogeneous mixtures have been established, taking into account the complex formation reactions in multicomponent heterogeneous systems. The existing experimental data confirm the results on the thermodynamic stability of polyvanadates obtained in this paper.

Submarine groundwater discharge and alkaline earth element dynamics in a deltaic coastal setting

Submarine groundwater discharge is a process that is often considered negligible in deltaic systems given their low gradient and fine-grained sediment. However, hydrologic budgets and radon surveys indicate that it may be a significant component of the Mississippi River Delta system. To more concretely indicate groundwater's contribution to the local environment, we conducted an analysis of estuarine water chemistry. We focused on the mid-weight alkaline earth metals, which differ significantly in the system's three end-members: river, ocean, and groundwater. We found an anomaly of barium in the estuaries, which could not be completely explained by desorption. Through the construction of a three-end-member mixing model, groundwater was estimated to comprise 14–28% of Terrebonne and Barataria Bay estuarine water, which corresponds to a combined discharge of 160–480 m3/s. This groundwater discharge helps explain the hydrologic budget of the system, and could influence the chemistry of these large deltaic estuaries.