A Method for Monitoring Vibrational Fatigue of Structure and Components

A vibration fatigue monitoring system has been developed by Framatome to assess, in real time, the evolution of industrial structures, systems and components lifetime expectancy. Its originality comes from the fact that only one or a few acceleration measurements are necessary to re-construct the complete stress history in the whole structure, including on welds or bolted connections that could not have been directly instrumented. From this stress history, a fatigue analysis with a rainflow counting algorithm is conducted and the cumulative usage factor of each weld or bolt is determined. The remaining life duration is then estimated. The method has been numerically and experimentally validated in that sense that the reconstructed stress histories were successfully compared to direct stress calculations and measurements. The system was then installed on five industrial structures submitted to transient dynamic excitations. It is expected that it will soon find further applications notably in monitoring vibrations induced during power plants transients that may induce some temporary resonance of piping equipment. Finally, the vibration monitoring system can also be combined with a thermal fatigue monitoring system, many of which are already deployed, at least on nuclear power plants, and the reconstructed stresses might include both thermal and mechanical effects. Installing such a fatigue monitoring on a set of sensitive systems and components could be a valuable brick in the present trend of building digital twins of power plants or other industrial structures.

Effect of Shot Peening on the Surface Oxidation of P92 Steel in the Steam Environment at 600°C

A vibration fatigue monitoring system has been developed by Framatome to assess, in real time, the evolution of industrial structures, systems and components lifetime expectancy. Its originality comes from the fact that only one or a few acceleration measurements are necessary to re-construct the complete stress history in the whole structure, including on welds or bolted connections that could not have been directly instrumented. From this stress history, a fatigue analysis with a rainflow counting algorithm is conducted and the cumulative usage factor of each weld or bolt is determined. The remaining life duration is then estimated. The method has been numerically and experimentally validated in that sense that the reconstructed stress histories were successfully compared to direct stress calculations and measurements. The system was then installed on five industrial structures submitted to transient dynamic excitations. It is expected that it will soon find further applications notably in monitoring vibrations induced during power plants transients that may induce some temporary resonance of piping equipment. Finally, the vibration monitoring system can also be combined with a thermal fatigue monitoring system, many of which are already deployed, at least on nuclear power plants, and the reconstructed stresses might include both thermal and mechanical effects. Installing such a fatigue monitoring on a set of sensitive systems and components could be a valuable brick in the present trend of building digital twins of power plants or other industrial structures.

Problems of Wage Differentiation by Industry, Type of Ownership and Categories of Personnel in Russia

Differentiation of wages by industries, forms of ownership and categories of personnel makes it possible to reveal the inconsistency of economic development. The high level of wages in the extractive industry testifies to the development of industrial structures in the economy. The high level of remuneration in activities in information and communication is conditioned by the development of the fifth and sixth post-industrial structures. The low level of remuneration in science, information, in education in organizations of state and municipal property in comparison with organizations of non-state property indicates that insufficient attention is paid to economic policy to the development of industries that determine post-industrial development, for which it is necessary to accelerate scientific and technological progress. raising the level of education of the employed population, informatization. The low level of remuneration for specialists indicates that both in state and municipal property organizations and in non-state property organizations there is not enough interest in using the labor of specialists.

Journalists as mobility agents: Labor mobilities, individualized identities, and emerging organizational forms

As mobility is becoming a distinctive feature of 21st century journalists, this theoretical article proposes a mobility turn in journalism studies. Drawing on sociological perspectives on mobilities, individualization, and turnover, it puts forward a shift from the analysis of news workers as static and fixed to the organizations that employ them to their analysis as mobility agents. By stressing that their capacity to move is transforming their employment and identities, it invites contemporary journalism scholars to recognize how this bottom-up disruption is reshaping the institution, the organizations and the labor of journalism. Since journalism’s corporate and industrial structures have not fully crumbled, this article’s emphasis on labor, physical and virtual mobilities offers an alternative to current theorizations of change in journalism.

Coevolution of Economic and Industrial Linkages within the Land-Sea Industrial Structure of China

The joint development of continental and marine economies has become an important driving force for the upgrading of industrial structures. However, because of the differences in resource endowment and development potential, developing industrial structures and the quality of economic development are uneven among regions. In this study, the added values of three land-sea industries in the three marine economic circles of northern, eastern, and southern China, were employed to clarify the evolutionary behavior of the industrial structure of these three circles on the land and sea; the synchronization, lag, equilibrium, and dislocation of developing the industrial structure were also explored which a gray relational model based on convex judgment and gray time difference analyses were used to construct a relational model from the static and dynamic aspects of the system, and the internal and external linkages of the industrial structure of the three circles were analyzed from the perspective of industrial correlation. The results show that: (1) Correlations among the linkages of the three economic circles in the marine industrial structure, both including and without temporal and spatial differences, and the marine feedback driver, differ markedly. (2) The effects of feedback for marine industrial development from the Eastern Marine Economic Circle were stronger, whereas those of the Southern Marine Economic Circle were weak and those of the Northern Marine Economic Circle were ambiguous. (3) A significant difference was observed in the degree of coevolution among the land-sea industrial structures of these areas. The Northern Marine Economic Circle exhibited a slightly higher degree of coevolution than the other two economic circles, showing a stable trend of coevolution and wide spatial development. The eastern and southern circles displayed high degrees of coordination in developing their industrial structures. The research results provide a reference for regional adjustment and optimization of industrial structure.

Development of innovative processes in integrated industrial structures (IPS)

The purpose of this article is to analyze the problems of development of innovative processes in integrated industrial structures (IPS).The article considers approaches and methods that activate the development of innovative processes in the IPS. Special attention is paid to the consideration of issues reflecting the economic forms of integration of industrial enterprises: the processes of organizational transformation based on the creation and functioning of new production structures, involving the adaptation of their structural units to the development of innovative activities. Special attention is paid to the formation of the IPS as a promising form of management at the current stage of economic development. The paper analyzes the IPS as a factor of interaction and organization of effective activities of economic entities. The approaches of different authors to the definition of this term are shown. The author comes to the conclusion that the existing industrial environment contributes to the development of innovative activities of enterprises in the industrial sector, its definition is given, the essence and content are revealed. The author identifies and describes the characteristic features of integration processes, the main forms of integration are given, their content is disclosed. The author determines that the management of changes carried out in the development of integration processes is a separate type of innovative activity with its inherent features. Considerable attention is paid to the creation of cluster-network structures representing the development of integration processes in the industrial environment on the basis of network cooperation of participants. The definition of cluster-network integration of industrial sector enterprises has been put into circulation. It is shown that the formation and implementation of the activities of individual enterprises in the cluster gives a positive impetus to the entire innovation system through the mechanisms of networking and participation in technological platforms.