Lead extraction as metallic phase from waste lead oxide-containing glass by redox reaction in hydrothermal treatment

A new low-energy and eco-friendly method for extracting lead from waste PbO-containing funnel glass is required. Conventional methods use either energy intensive smelting reduction at temperatures higher than 1273 K or involve phase separation of the glass, requiring an acid treatment to extract elemental Pb partitioned in one of the decomposed phases as Pb2+ ion. In this study, the mechanism of a unique phenomenon is investigated, involving spontaneous precipitation of metallic lead when PbO-containing glass is subjected to a hydrothermal water environment in a stainless-steel container. The roles of the hydrothermal environment and container materials on the metallic lead precipitation were investigated. The synthesized PbO-containing glass was placed in a container made of stainless steel or pure iron and set in a sealed autoclave with water, which was held at 613 K to provide the hydrothermal conditions. As a result, metallic lead droplets precipitated either on the surface of the glass or the container, whereas an iron oxide (Fe3O4) phase was detected on the surface of the container. Conversely, no metallic lead was observed when the glass and stainless-steel container were heated in dry air. The above results indicate that a hydrothermal environment is necessary for metallic lead precipitation because subcritical water or steam leaches Pb2+ from the glass. In addition, a redox reaction was suggested between the Pb2+ ions transported to the surface of the container and metallic iron in the container to explain metallic lead droplets precipitation.

Dynamic Response of Single Pile Subjected to Different Frequencies in Gypseous Soil

This paper exhibits an experimental study on dynamic response of a single pile under dynamic load which comes from motor placed on cap pile called a vibration source. This study used the effect of the dynamic movement of vibration on one pile, collapsible soil (gypseous soil) used in this study with 30% gypsum content. The experiment is performed in a dry and soak state. A solid steel pile with a slenderness ratio of 27 was inserted into the soil after preparing it in layers in a steel container (30 * 30 * 60) cm. The test was performed under a dynamic response to the different frequencies 10, 15, 20, and 25 Hz. The results showed that the speed, acceleration and displacement increase with increasing frequency of the vibration source in addition to that the values of speed, acceleration and displacement amplitude are less in the case of soaking compared to their values in the dry state.

Extinguishing of Pool Fires using the Water Mist

Currently, there is progressive use of fire protection systems that use the high-pressure water mist. The extinguishing effect of water mist on flammable liquids is not sufficiently elucidated. Therefore, experiments were designed to gain new knowledge about the mechanism of the high-pressure water mist extinguishing.As a source of the pool fire, gasoline, kerosene, diesel and ethanol were used. Flammable liquids were stored in a circular steel container with a diameter of 165mm and a depth of 12mm. The container was placed in an enclosed room of 2.7 x 2.7m x 3m. In the experiment, the time to extinguish flammable liquids was measured using nozzles of different spray characteristics of the water mist. The nozzles with orifice 400 µm, 800 µm and 1000 µm were used at a constant pressure of 70 bar.

The Stateless Novel

This essay explores the various ways in which W. G. Sebald’s Austerlitz upends traditional understandings of the novel as a form. Specifically, it situates this “prose book of an undetermined kind” against the rise of the steel container as the dominant mode of commodity transportation. The novel today is best understood as a shipping container giving refuge to virtually any kind of aesthetic or narrative content. The “stateless” (as opposed to global) novel requires a new model of individualism, a subjectivity embodied in the tragic life of Mehran Karimi Nasseri, who lingered sans papiers for almost two decades in Paris’s Charles de Gaulle Airport.

Microbiological and Metagenomic Analysis to Assess the Effect of Container Material on the Microbiota of Feta Cheese during Ripening

The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of ripening container’s material on the bacterial diversity of Feta cheese PDO (Protected Designation of Origin). The microbiota of fresh and mature cheese produced in plastic and stainless steel container was monitored by microbial enumeration and 16s rRNA gene sequencing. According to the obtained results, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was the dominant microbiota of fresh and mature cheese. Metagenomics data revealed that fresh cheese was dominated by Lactococcus followed by members of Enterobacteriaceae family and Pseudomonas. Similarly, Lactococcus was the most abundant genus detected in mature cheese (54 days and 120 days), regardless of the container’s material. In both fresh and mature cheese, species of Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, Acinetobacter, Lactobacillus, Flavobacterium, and Carnobacterium were detected. The abundance of Enterobacteriaceae, Moraxellaceae and Pseudomonadaceae in mature cheese ripened in stainless steel container seems to be numerically reduced after 120 days of storage compared to the cheese ripened in plastic container but not significant differences were observed (p > 0.05). In conclusion, metagenomic analysis suggests that ripening container’s material does not affect the microbial community responsible for the ripening of feta cheese PDO.

Effect of Vibrating Footing on a Nearby Static – Load Footing

This paper presents an experimental study on the dynamic response of square footings under effect of dynamic load comes from adjacent footing called the (source of vibration (which is excited by a known vibration source placed on the top of it, the objective is to study the effect of dynamic motion of the source of vibration on a nearby footing, called second footing, both footings rest on collapsible soil (gypseouse soil) with gypseouse content (60%). The study is performed through wide experimental program in dry and soaked condition. The first footing (source vibration) and the second footing have dimensions (80 80 40), (100 100 40) mm respectively and are manufactured from steel, then the two footings placed centrally over soil after prepared it in layers’ form in steel container with (1000 500 500) mm. The first footing exposed to vertical harmonic loading by using a rotating mass type mechanical oscillator to gives a similar effect of the dynamic loads, the second footing loaded with static weight only, under the dynamic excitation. The tests are conducted under dynamic response for three frequencies (10, 20, 30) Hz, the movement (displacement amplitude, velocity, and acceleration) of the second footing studied by varying spacing between the footings. The results showed that the amplitude of displacement, velocity, and acceleration for the second footing decreases when the spacing between footing increase. In addition, the value of these parameters at dry state is greater than its value at soaked state.

Recycling of Alkaline Batteries via a Carbothermal Reduction Process

Primary battery recycling has important environmental and economic benefits. According to battery sales worldwide, the most used battery type is alkaline batteries with 75% of market share due to having a higher performance than other primary batteries such as Zn–MnO2. In this study, carbothermal reduction for zinc oxide from battery waste was completed for both vacuum and Ar atmospheres. Thermodynamic data are evaluated for vacuum and Ar atmosphere reduction reactions and results for Zn reduction/evaporation are compared via the FactSage program. Zn vapor and manganese oxide were obtained as products. Zn vapor was re-oxidized in end products; manganese monoxide and steel container of batteries are evaluated as ferromanganese raw material. Effects of carbon source, vacuum, temperature and time were studied. The results show a recovery of 95.1% Zn by implementing a product at 1150 °C for 1 h without using the vacuum. The residues were characterized by Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) methods.

Design Build Dryer Machine Frying Results Nuts Eggs

The purpose of this research is to design oil drying machine in nurts eggs to get the result of working drawing and to determine the peanut dryer component. The concept of planning oil drying machine in nurts eggss is by conducting a direct survey of the egg industry, the problems arise still high levels of oil in manually dried peanuts, then carry out the design concept. Based on the concept, then designed a design drawing. The result of this final task is in the form of design or design of oil oven dryers that utilize centrifugal force for drying oil, oil stainless steel rotary tube components, stainless steel container tube with stainless steel , axle components to support tubes of 22mm diameter and 520mm length, pulleys with a 3/6 ratio as a rotary reducer of an electric motor of 0.5 HP 1400 rpm to 500 rpm. Frame profile machine L 40 x 40 x 4 mm 42 st material and engine components made by Fernando Ferry from material st 37.