Alfred Schutz's Perspective in Phenomenology Approach: Concepts, Characteristics, Methods and Examples

Alfred Schutz with his phenomenology introduced the concept of multiple reality. For Schutz, the reality in this world is not only in the reality of social life, but also includes fantasy reality, dream reality, etc. Therefore, the aim of this research is to analyze and describe how the concepts, characteristics, methods and examples of the use of the phenomenological approach in Alfred Schutz's perspective qualitative research methodology. The results of the study explain that the phenomenological approach pioneered by Edmund Husserl has a watchword: zuruck zu den sachen selbst (back to things themselves) that a method for explain phenomena in their purity, where these phenomena are anything that in some way appears in human consciousness . Whether in the form of something as a result of fiction or in the form of something real.

La distinción entre persona y naturaleza humana según Nédoncelle. The Distinction Between Person and Human Nature According to Nédoncelle

Este trabajo versa sobre la antropología de M. Nédoncelle. En él se sostiene que el pensador francés defiende que el hombre no es simple, sino que se da en él una distinción real entre la persona y la naturaleza humana. La persona es una realidad múltiple en los hombres: espiritual, interior, novedosa, irrepetible, relacional... La naturaleza, que es orgánica, es una y común en los hombres. La persona se distingue de la personalidad y del yo porque no admite tipologías. La persona depende de Dios y es inmortal; la naturaleza, de los padres y es mortal. Se añade que ‘el yo ideal’, la vocación, es superior a la persona que se es.This work focuses on the Nédoncelle´s anthropology. It sustains that the French thinker defends that man is not simple, but rather presents in itself a real distinction between the person and human nature. The person is a multiple reality in men: spiritual, interior, new, unique, relational... Nature, which is organic, is common in men. The person is also distinguished from personality and the self, because it cannot be classified in types. The person depends on God and is immortal; the human nature comes from the parents and is mortal. He adds that the ‘ideal self’, the vocation, is superior to the human person in his actual situation.

Multiple, connective intellection: the condition for invention

Since this article involves invention, the conditions for inventiveness become the issue: assuming multiple reality; thinking in a special way; transgressing boundaries; acknowledging networks (in the terms of Michel Serres: communication, transduction, interference, distribution, passages between the sciences. There are, however, misplaced expectations: technology should work wonders in this regard while forgetting that humans, redefined though, remain the key to establish connections and networks between people, paradigms, disciplines, sciences and technologies.Against this background, Michel Serres’s emphasis on invention and “thinking as invention” and his a-critical anti-method – ‘connective, multiple intellection’ which is a special kind of thought – are desperately needed.Guattari’s articulation of the three ecologies and the ecosophic views he developed in this regard provides a significant amplification of the approach of ‘multiple connective intellection’. These insights can be enlightened and strongly driven home through the views of Latour with an anthropological and socio-dynamic perspective on the scientific endeavour with the articulation of the actor-network theory inherited from Serres. The thoughtful beyond-methodology of Edgar Morin with his strong noological position as the ultimate condition for inventiveness, and Gregory Ulmer with his special emphasis on invention and inventiveness, especially with the help and assistance of electronic means (video and internet), and with his work with the architect Bernard Tschumi on invention and inventiveness, are of special significance in the sphere of inventiveness, the real and final guarantee for a spirited re-enchantment of the world as well as the final demonstration that the battle for intelligence as opposed to ignorance, stupidity and barbarism can be fought with great hope to succeed.