Parameter selection of Polystyrene-Dietilenetriaminepenta acetate Resin Synthesis for the separation of rare Earth Elements by using Plackett-Burman Experimental Design

The development of the separation method has an essential role in developing science and technology for the separation and purification of an element or compound from other mixtures based on differences in physical and chemical properties. This research is more focused on the selection parameters of polystyrene-based resin production using diethylene triamine penta-acetate (DTPA) light, which used as a prototype for improved scale production. The Plackett-Burman design was used to select variables that have significant influence in Methylaminopolystyrene-Diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (MAP-DTPA) resin synthesis. Eleven variables such as mol ratio of Methylamino Polystyrene and diethylene triamine penta-acetate ligands, solvent volume, reaction time, stirring rate, reaction temperature, total volume, reaction pH, incubation time, ammonia concentration, and the addition of methanol were carried out for the selection of parameters or variables in the process of MAP-DTPA resin synthesis through a statistical approach in studies for design experiments using Software Design Expert 9.0.6.2. Of the eleven variables in resin synthesis obtained, six variables have a positive influence on the yield ratio value (percent yield ratio) of MAP-DTPA resin are the mol ratio of MAP and DTPA, Stirring Rate, reaction temperature, total volume, degree of acidity, and ammonia concentration.

Gadolinium-free Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Liver using an Oatp1-targeted Manganese(III) Porphyrin

Controversy surrounding gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) have rendered their continued utility highly contentious, but the liver-specific GBCA Gd(III) ethoxybenzyl-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (Gd(III)-EOB-DTPA) remains in use because it provides unique diagnostic information that could not be obtained by any other means. To address the need for an alternative liver-specific MRI contrast agent, we synthesized Mn(III) 20-(4-ethoxyphenyl) porphyrin-5,10,15-tricarboxylate (Mn(III)TriCP-PhOEt), which exhibited significantly higher r1 relaxivity than Gd(III)-EOB-DTPA, and targeted organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1 (Oatp1) channels as a biomarker of hepatocyte viability. Mn(III)TriCP-PhoEt increased the r1 relaxation rate of cells expressing rodent Oatp1a1 and human Oatp1b3, relative to control cells not expressing these liver channels. In mice, Mn(III)TriCP-PhoEt resulted in significant and specific increases in liver signal intensity on T1-weighted images, and significant decreases in liver T1 time relative to precontrast measurements. Our findings suggest that Mn(III)TriCP-PhOEt operates as a specific and sensitive MR contrast agent for in vivo liver imaging.

A novel LaFeO3 synthesized by sodium diethylenetriamine pentamethylene phosphonate for degradation of diclofenac through peroxymonosulfate activation： Degradation pathways and mechanism study

In this paper, some perovskite catalysts LaFeO3 (LFO) were prepared by using the efficient chelating properties of sodium diethylene triamine pentamethylene phosphonate (DTPMP-2Na) to metal ions, and the best catalyst...

Assessment of Physicochemical Properties of Soil at Old Nekede Dumpsite Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

Developing countries with inadequate waste disposal system unit or regulatory process is at risk of metal land. The aim of the study is to access the suitability of soils around old Nekede road in Owerri West L.G.A of Imo State in Nigeria. After the removal of the overlying waste soil samples were collected from five (5) different control points of open waste landfills (deposit point, North point, south point, east point and west point), 100m away from each other and at a depth of three different depths (0-15 cm, 15-30 cm and 30-45 m) on an open waste landfill using a Dutch soil auger. The physicochemical parameters of the soil were determined using standard laboratory methods, while, the diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA) extraction method was used for Fe and Zn. The results were evaluated by ANOVA. Iron and zinc concentrations in deposit point with the depth of 0-15 cm,15-30 cm, 30-45 cm, ranged from 202.85 mg kg-1, 164.47 mg kg-1, and 131.33 mg kg-1. Hence, it falls within the permissible range from 2760.1 to 2833.07 mg 100g-1; while, Zinc ranged from 147.5 mg kg-1, 67.22 mg kg-1, 26.13 mg kg-1, and falls within the permissible limits of 300 mg kg-1. The concentration of heavy metals on under review was moderate and falls under the permissible standard during the time of this study. It will be suggested that the land can adequately produce with or without additional treatment. Crops such as cassava, plantain and banana can be encouraged in such areas.

Influence of Diethylene Triamine Penta Acetic Acid (DTPA) amendment on the uptake of some essential trace elements by Amaranthus hybridus L.

The present study was aimed at determining the potential in the uptake and translocation of essential trace elements by Amaranthus hybridus L. seedlings and the effects of added 0.0025M DTPA as a bioremediation technology to increase the contents of trace elements in edible parts. Four week old Amaranthus hybridus L. seedlings were transplanted in hydroponic solution treated with copper and zinc and then monitored in a greenhouse for 72 hr where significant changes in fresh weights were observed. The study was divided into two experiments first batch contains chelate and second batch contain unchelated treatments in three different combination of copper, zinc and Cu/Zn treatments. Cu2+ was restricted in the roots and no significant changes (p>0.05) in the accumulation of Cu2+ was observed with respect to addition of DTPA to different concentration compared to unchelated treatments. However, accumulation and transportation of Zn2+ from roots to shoots was increased significantly (p<0.05) to 2-3 fold after DTPA application compared to unchelated treatments as it helped to increase the metal bioavailability. Furthermore, in Cu/Zn combination, unchelated Cu2+ was found to accumulate more when compared to the chelated with the same Cu2+ concentration. Likewise, unchelated Zn2+ was significantly translocated as compared with chelate-assisted treatments of same zinc concentration. This indicates that in the presence of copper, zinc uptake was favorably translocated. Translocation factor was calculated to find relation with metal uptake in Amaranth hybridus L. seedlings. Keywords: Essential elements, DTPA amendment, hydroponic, Amaranthus hybridus L.

Perbandingan Penggunaan Natrium Perkarbonat, Hidrogen Peroksida, Hipoklorit, dan Xilanase terhadap Sifat Optik Deinked Pulp

Penggunaan bahan baku dari jenis kertas SWL (sorted white ledger) yang berasal dari proses mekanikal dan jenis kertas bekas yang mengandung banyak tinta memiliki dampak negatif karena menyebabkan sifat optik dari deinked pulp yang dihasilkan tidak optimal. Penyebab dari masalah tersebut adalah tingginya kandungan logam dan lignin pada SWL dan kertas bekas. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, pada penlitian ini dilakukan penambahkan DTPA (Diethylene Triamine Pentaacetic Acid) sebagai penghilang kandungan logam dan bahan pemutih untuk menghilangkan lignin. Bahan pemutih yang digunakan adalah natrium perkarbonat, hidrogen peroksida, hipoklorit, dan xilanase. Dilakukan variasi dosis (1%; 1,5%; dan 2%) dan suhu pemutih (50°C, 70°C, dan 90°C) untuk menentukan titik optimal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahan pemutih yang digunakan mampu meningkatkan derajat cerah dan derajat putih dari deinked pulp. Nilai sifat optik yang paling optimal didapat pada proses pemutihan menggunakan 2% natrium perkarbonat pada suhu 70°C, dengan nilai derajat cerah sebesar 85,30% ISO dan derajat putih sebesar 112,27% ISO. The Comparison of Sodium Percarbonate, Hydrogen Peroxide, Hypochlorite, and Xylanaseon Optical Properties of Deinked PulpAbstract The use of raw materials from SWL (sorted white ledger) paper originating from mechanical processes as well as used paper types that contain a lot of ink has a negative impact because it causes no optimal value for the optical properties of deinked pulp. The cause of these problems is the high content of metals and lignin. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to add DTPA (Diethylene Triamine Pentaacetic Acid) as a remover for metals and bleaching agents to remove lignin. The bleaching agents used in this study were sodium percarbonate, hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorite, and xylanase. Variation of bleach dose (1%, 1,5%, and 2%) and temperature (50°C, 70°C, and 90°C) is performed to determine the optimal point. The results showed that the whitening material used was able to increase the bright and white degrees of deinked pulp. The most optimal optical properties values obtained in the whitening process using 2% sodium percarbonate at 70°C, with a bright degree value of 85.30% ISO and a degree of white of 112.27% ISO. Keywords: SWL, waste paper, sodium percarbonate, hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorite, xylanase.