Arbitration Literature

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the arbitration literature. Arbitration literature has a long history. So far, however, no attempt has been made to examine it and its evolution systematically and with a quantitative approach. The lack of investigation of this research question is, in and by itself, surprising. Clearly, the literature plays a strong role in shaping the thinking and making of international arbitration law. Moreover, literature—and scientific literature in particular—is a privileged conduit for the various actors in the social field of international arbitration. The chapter then looks at scientometrics. This field was first defined as ‘the quantitative methods of the research on the development of science as an informational process’. On the scientometrics market, the citation is the main currency. The rationale is that citation counts are positively associated with subsequent impact. Thus, arbitration literature can be measured in two ways. First, one determines which works are the most cited, in absolute terms and over time, for two different time windows. These are the works that likely have had the most impact on the knowledge in and about arbitration, where this knowledge is taken as a single, common whole. Second, one looks at what the co-citation network can reveal about the make-up of the world of arbitration literature.

WHY THE DELIBERATIVE IDEAL JUSTIFIES PUBLICITY – EVEN IF PUBLICITY MAY UNDERMINE DELIBERATION

This paper critical assesses those arguments in democratic theory whichdefend the role of secrecy in politics in epistemic terms, that is, by emphasizingsome of the negative effects that publicity in deliberation can have (namely:obscuring the informational process, favoring plebiscitory rhetorics, and replacingopen discussion with conformist behaviors and/or bargaining). Based upon theanalysis of the 2010-2011 Belgian Sixth State Reform, the paper argues that, evenif publicity can produce negative effects on deliberation, it cannot be proven thatthese effects are more severe than those produced by a closed-doors deliberation.Furthermore, it argues that an epistemic justification of closed-door deliberationcould not be accepted by a reasonable citizen: the justification of publicity does notrely on its epistemic positive effects, but on the fact that the assessment anddefinition of these cannot be left to the negotiating parties.

efficacy of information use on knowledge construction

Several surveys on Information Science recurrently indicate the existence of a new field of study in economics, named information economy. According to the information impact perspective, observed along with activation procedures of organization development, from the performance, expansion, penetration and consolidation point of view on the referred market, enhancing information as a market product affects the criterion analysis sine qua non of its research procedures and use. This study corroborates the hypothesis that these studies enable enlightenment on which information flow leads company managers to appropriate and constructed knowledge. Therefore, reflecting and understanding on how knowledge is constructed entails the main object of current study and specifically, considering the manager work context and the changing nature of organizations, how information use impacts on knowledge construction. From a methodological perspective, it is featured as a longitudinal and contextual study, analyzed regarding the evaluation model of information activity. The study has focused its action on a plastics company located at State of Pernambuco, Brazil. The research noticed that the results of informational impact can evaluate the information use and its effect on decision taking, characterizing the informational process legitimacy; however the phenomenon must not be studied apart from its historical and organizational context.

Forest management units through cost

Costs minimizing and profit maximizing make the costs adjustment seems to be a vital necessity when the activity developed within the company does not assure the maintenance and stability of the necessary relation between consuming factors and costs. In such circumstances, approaching differing sides of the production cost and improving the methods of calculation has much significance in determining the most appropriate measures necessary for its adjustment and for profit increasing. The whole informational process of costs – formation, control and analysis of costs – involves a careful use the methodological concepts known under the name of classical methods and modern or complementary methods, as well as of other proceedings. Such methods and proceedings cannot be applied separately, only conjugated and integrated in a unitary methodological system, each of these methods and proceedings participating at achieving one or more objectives. Only by their unitary action they can fulfill all the system objective.