Hopper, Edward (1882–1967)

Edward Hopper was known for his realist paintings of American life in the 1930s through to the early 1960s. Born in Nyack, New York, north of Manhattan and across the Hudson river, his family was successful and solidly middle class. Although his parents supported his study of art after his 1899 high school graduation, their conservative viewpoints informed the trajectory of his efforts; they encouraged him to seek a career in commercial art so that he would have a reliable income. He enrolled in the Correspondence School of Illustration in New York City, supporting himself as an illustrator until 1925, creating over five hundred works. From 1900 until 1906 he studied at the New York School of Art with Robert Henri, whose admiration for European artists inspired Hopper to travel abroad, which he did three times during his early career (1906, 1909, 1910). Hopper also studied with William Merritt Chase, and Kenneth Hayes Miller, and was determined to succeed as a fine rather than commercial artist. It was in these classes that he met friends like Rockwell Kent, Guy Pène du Bois, Reginald Marsh and Stuart Davis, who would become important figures in the art world of the time, as well as his future wife, Josephine Nivison, whom he married in 1924. It was during these early years that Hopper began to exhibit his works at the Whitney Studio Club in New York, the precursor to the Whitney Museum of American Art. In 1920, Hopper had his first one-person exhibition at the Whitney Studio Club, and it foreshadowed his future relationship with that institution.

Art Students League of New York

The Art Students League (ASL) is a Manhattan art school, founded in 1875 "by artists and for artists." ASL was founded when the National Academy of Design (NAD) announced that it would temporarily suspend its studio classes. A group of ASL students used this opportunity to break out of the orbit of the conservative academy, and with the help of former NAD instructor Lemuel Wilmarth (who became the school’s first instructor and president), they announced the founding of a new school. ASL’s primary mission is to promote and enable the creative objectives of the artists in attendance; as such the format of the school is an atelier system—a collection of semi-autonomous studios, the focus of which is determined by a professional artist who runs the studio and leads the instruction. Many of America’s best-known modern artists from the 19th and 20th centuries had a role to play in the League, including Romare Bearden, George Bellows, Thomas Hart Benton, William Merritt Chase, Thomas Eakins, Helen Frankenthaler, Hans Hofmann, Donald Judd, Lee Krasner, Jackson Pollock, Robert Rauschenberg and Mark Rothko. The ASL continues to rank among the best art schools in the United States and promote openness in terms of student admissions and artistic experimentation.