Rockfall and Rainfall Correlation in the Anaga Nature Reserve in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain)

Rockfalls are frequent and damaging phenomena that occur on steep or vertical slopes, in coastal areas, mountains and along coastal cliff. Water, in different forms, is the most common triggered factor of rockfalls. Consequently, we can consider that precipitation is the most influential factor for slope instabilities and it influences almost all other water parameters. Besides, the specific geology of the Anaga nature reserve in the volcanic island of Tenerife, together with its steep landscape, contributes to the instability of the slopes and frequent rockfalls. Recently, due to climate change and global warming, the annual precipitation/rainfall has declined but the number of heavy storms, associated with intense rainfall and strong winds, events that exceed precipitation thresholds in a brief period has increased which triggers slope movements. This paper describes the analysis of information on rainfall-induced rockfalls in Anaga, Tenerife (Canary Islands), to forecast rock failures of social significance and to improve the capability to respond and emergency decision making. To define reliable thresholds for a certain area, we analized information during the period 2010–2016, reconstructed the rockfall events, and statistically analyzed the historical rainfall conditions that led to landslides. The summary graph correlating precipitation to the probability of occurrence of an event was plotted. Statistical and probability graphs were made with the direct relationship between the number of rockfall events and total rainfall in that period by examining the maximum daily precipitation, not only on the day of the event but up to 3 days before. Hence, the results of this study would serve as a guide for the possible forecasting of rainfall-induced rockfalls, especially for road maintenance services, so that they can be on alert or mobilize the necessary resources in advance depending on the intensity of the expected rainfall.

Inductive Power Transmission System for Electric Car Charging Phase: Modeling plus Frequency Analysis

The effectiveness of inductive power transfer (IPT) presents a serious challenge for improving the global recharge system performance. An electric vehicle (EVs) needs to be charged rapidly and have maximum power when it is charged with wireless technology. Based on various research, the performance of this recharge system is attached to several points and the frequency resonance is one of those parameters that can influence. In this paper, we try to explore the relationship between the obtained power and the signal input frequency for charging a lithium battery, solve the class imbalance problem and understand the maximum allowed frequency. To obtain the results, a mathematical model was first created to demonstrate the relationship, then the dynamic model was validated and tested using the Matlab Simulink platform. The performance of the worldwide wireless recharging system in terms of frequency variation is depicted in a summary graph.

Information retrieval and its sister disciplines

This article presents a summary graph to show the relationships between Information Retrieval (IR) and other related disciplines. The figure tells the key differences between them and the conditions under which one would transition into another.

RDF Keyword Search by Query Computation

Keyword searches based on the keywords-to-SPARQL translation is attracting more attention because of a growing number of excellent SPARQL search engines. Current approaches for keyword search based on the keywords-to-SPARQL translation suffer from returning incomplete answers or wrong answers due to a lack of underlying schema information. To overcome these difficulties, in this article, we propose a new keyword search paradigm by translating keyword queries into SPARQL queries for exploring RDF data. An inter-entity relationship summary with complete schema information is distilled from the RDF data graph for composing SPARQL queries. To avoid potentially wasteful summary graph expansion, we develop a new search prioritization scheme by combining the degree of a vertex with the distance from the original keyword element. Starting from the ordered priority list that is built in advance, we apply the forward path index to faster find the top-k subgraphs, which are relevant to the conjunction of the entering keywords. The experimental results show that our approach is efficient and scalable.

The risk of collapse in abandoned mine sites: the issue of data uncertainty

Ground collapses over abandoned underground mines constitute a new environmental risk in the world. The high risk associated with subsurface voids, together with lack of knowledge of the geometric and geomechanical features of mining areas, makes abandoned underground mines one of the current challenges for countries with a long mining history. In this study, a stability analysis of Montevecchia marl mine is performed in order to validate a general approach that takes into account the poor local information and the variability of the input data. The collapse risk was evaluated through a numerical approach that, starting with some simplifying assumptions, is able to provide an overview of the collapse probability. The final results is an easy-accessible-transparent summary graph that shows the collapse probability. This approach may be useful for public administrators called upon to manage this environmental risk. The approach tries to simplify this complex problem in order to achieve a roughly risk assessment, but, since it relies on just a small amount of information, any final user should be aware that a comprehensive and detailed risk scenario can be generated only through more exhaustive investigations.

Assembling a Formula for Current Transferring by Using a Summary Graph and Transformation Graphs

This paper deals with the symbolic solution of the switched current circuits. As is described, the full graph method of the solution can be used for finding relationships expressing current transfer, too. The summa MC-graph is constructed using two-graphs method in two-phase switching. By comparing the matrix form with results of the Mason’s formula are derived relations for current transfers in all phases. There are discussed various options described transistor memory cells - with loss and lossless transistors and normal transistor current mirror. Evaluation of the graph is simplified if we consider the lossless transistors or if the y21 -parameter of one transistor is alpha multiple of second ones.

Una síntesis conceptual de los servicios web para la gestión de información geográfica [Conceptual review about web services for geographic information management]

Resumen La gestión de la información geográfica se incorpora como una herramienta fundamental en diferentes procesos al interior de empresas, corporaciones regionales y otros. Los datos requeridos se clasifican como información geográfica por la componente espacial que las caracteriza y se presentan en dos modelos: vector y raster. Esta información se captura por medio de: radares, satélites, estaciones de medición, campañas de muestreo, entre otros y se comparte entre programas gracias a la interoperabilidad. La interoperabilidad en la gestión de información geográfica es un tópico que se aborda desde muchos frentes y por muchas organizaciones, principalmente el OGC, un consorcio a nivel mundial para el consenso de estándares relacionados con la gestión de información geográfica. Uno de los principales mecanismos de interoperabilidad abordados por el OGC y otras organizaciones es la implementación de servicios web para compartir información de manera transparente entre SIG, Globos Virtuales, Geoportales, y otros. Comprendiendo la pertinencia de los servicios web y la importancia del conocimiento generalizado de los estándares existentes para la implementación e integración de los mismos, en este artículo se realiza una reflexión sobre los servicios web para la gestión de información geográfica y se presenta un resumen gráfico usando esquemas preconceptuales. Palabras clave Interoperabilidad, OGC, Servicios Web, Sistemas de Información Geográfica. Abstract The management of geographic information is incorporated as a fundamental tool in different processes within companies, regional corporations and others. The data required for these processes are classified as geographical information about the spatial component that characterizes them and come in two models: vector and raster. This information is captured by: radar, satellites, measuring stations, sampling campaigns, among others and shared between programs through interoperability. Interoperability in geographic information management is a topic that is addressed from many fronts and by many organizations, especially the OGC, a consortium worldwide for consensus standards related to geographic information management. One of the main mechanisms of interoperability addressed by the OGC and other organizations is the implementation of web services to share information seamlessly between GIS, Virtual Globes, Geo-portals, and others. Understanding the relevance of Web services and the importance of widespread awareness of the existing standards for the implementation and integration of them in this article reflects on Web services for managing geographic information using a summary graph using pre-conceptual schemas.Keywords Geographic Information Systems, Interoperability, OGC, Web Services

Static Validation of XSL Transformations

XSL Transformations (XSLT) is a programming language for defining transformations between XML languages. The structure of these languages is formally described by schemas, for example using DTD, which allows individual documents to be validated. However, existing XSLT tools offer no static guarantees that, under the assumption that the input is valid relative to the input schema, the output of the transformation is valid relative to the output schema.<br /> <br />We present a validation technique for XSLT based on the summary graph formalism introduced in the static analysis of JWIG Web services. Being able to provide static guarantees, we can detect a large class of errors in an XSLT stylesheet at the time it is written instead of later when it has been deployed, and thereby provide benefits similar to those of static type checkers for modern programming languages.<br /> <br />Our analysis takes a pragmatic approach that focuses its precision on the essential language features but still handles the entire XSLT 1.0 language. We evaluate the analysis precision on a range of real stylesheets and demonstrate how it may be useful in practice.