Operational Structure of the Hungarian Royal Agricultural Schools - the Example of Somogyszentimre

The purpose of the study. Exploration of a major milestone in the development of small towns. Presenting the role of education through the example of the agricultural vocational school in Somogyszentimre, a settlement attached to Kadarkút. Applied methods. The analysis of literature ranges from a review of education policy to factors driving the development of small towns. The study heavily relies on archival research instrumental in shedding light on the everyday life of the educational institution, and the identification of factors demonstrating a unique and innovative approach. The biographies of individuals affiliated to the institution have provided an equally valuable contribution. Outcomes. The dominance of agriculture has permeated the socio-economic history of small towns in Somogy county in all spheres of existence. Small town economies and societies were greatly enriched by their commercial and industrial functions (industrial plants), the right to hold fairs, and educational institutions connected to agriculture. The educational institution by virtue of its students, teaching staff, owners and patrons was a major trigger of development in small towns. Agricultural vocational schools besides providing theoretical training also familiarised students with novel and innovative practical approaches. This type of approach was embraced by small town farmers, generating an innovative, development-oriented vision that still characterises the majority of small towns in Somogy county today.

Caractérisation de l’élevage porcin au Bénin

L’agriculture béninoise subit depuis 2016 une mutation structurelle qui favorise la levée des contraintes notamment celles financières. Alors que le sous-secteur des productions végétales en tire déjà un grand profit affichant des performances record, l’élevage peine encore à faire sa révolution. La présente étude a pour objectif de faire la typologie de l’élevage porcin au Bénin et d’élaborer un plan de relance de la filière. Une revue de la littérature sur l’élevage porcin et une enquête typologique auprès de 308 éleveurs de porcs ont été réalisées d’Octobre 2019 à Février 2020. Les résultats ont montré que le porc, notamment celui de la race locale, est élevé dans toutes les contrées du Bénin, par tous les groupes socioculturels. L’activité parait bien secondaire pour la plupart (91%) des éleveurs qui possèdent de petites unités de moins de vingt animaux dans 83% des cas. Le mode d’élevage en divagation (54,4%) est le plus pratiqué et les risques sanitaires (peste et cysticercose) sont fréquemment évoqués pour expliquer la sous-production. Mais le défaut de technicité, de vocation et de financement semble être le véritable blocage. Une sensibilisation et/ou formation des éleveurs et des jeunes diplômés des écoles agricoles sur les nouvelles opportunités de développement de la filière devrait la dynamiser. English title: Characterization of the pig farming in Benin Since 2016, Benin agriculture has undergone a structural change which favors the lifting of constraints, particularly financial ones. While the crop production sub-sector is already profiting greatly, showing record performance, livestock are still struggling to revolutionize. The objective of this study is to establish the typology of pig farming in Benin and to develop a revival plan for the sector. A review of the literature on pig breeding and a typological survey of 308 pig farmers were carried out from October 2019 to February 2020. The results showed that the pig, especially that of the local breed, is raised in all the regions of Benin, by all socio-cultural groups. The activity appears to be secondary for most (91%) of breeders who own small units of less than twenty animals in 83% of cases. The method of rearing in straying (54.4%) is the most practiced and health risks (plague and cysticercosis) are frequently mentioned to explain underproduction. But the lack of technicality, vocation and financing seems to be the real blockage. Awareness-raising and / or training of breeders and young graduatesof agricultural schools on new development opportunities in the sector should boost it.

The Survival of Family Farms: Socioemotional Wealth (SEW) and Factors Affecting Intention to Continue the Business

This article addresses the problem of succession in family farms in a context of generational change. Family businesses are characterized by their long-term orientation and by having a positive effect through environmental goals that remain in place generation after generation. The general increase in average age among farmers is seen as a barrier to more sustainable land use, and the survival of family farming therefore depends on the availability of a successor in the family. Socioemotional wealth (hereafter, SEW) is understood as the affective endowment of family members. This study adopts the SEW dimensions conceptually validated to analyse the effects of psychological and socioeconomic factors on potential successors’ intentions. The results of a survey administered to students attending agricultural schools in Catalonia show that intentions to assume the management and ownership of the family farm increase in line with individuals’ interest in creating their own business, their ability to take over the farm, and their emotional inclination to continue the family legacy. In addition, SEW was measured in relation to the potential successor and not the incumbent, as has typically been the case in previous work, bringing this important research subject as a principal actor. Finally, an empirical validation of a short FIBER scale, i.e., REI scale, was obtained that relates individuals’ intentions to succeed the family farm to the socioemotional wealth of business families, testing suitability of the REI scale as a measure of intention to succeed.

FORMATION OF THE KAZAKH INTELLIGENTSIA IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF THE ORENBURG REGION: THE RESPONSE TO THE CHALLENGES OF POST-REFORM MODERNIZATION

The article summarizes data on the education of non-Russians of Kazakh origin in the so-called “Russian” secondary and vocational educational institutions of the Orenburg region (gymnasiums, teacher’s schools, paramedic schools, agricultural schools) during the period of post-reform modernization. It shows the typical career paths of Kazakh graduates of these educational institutions, reconstructs main difficulties accompanying the process of recruiting Kazakhs to these schools and studying in them. It is concluded that the policy of acculturation in the field of education implemented by the central and regional authorities was activated in the post-reform period in connection with the involvement of national minorities in the modernization processes of the development of outlying territories. The formation of the Kazakh intelligentsia in the Orenburg region and the adjacent Kazakh steppe was directly related to the educational and enlightenment policy of the imperial structures. The empire made great strides on the way of construction of a single socio-cultural space in the region, one of the components of which was the creation of an education system with the inclusion of both Russian-Kazakh and aul schools, and “ordinary” secondary and professional educational institutions that admitted non-Slavic population. As a result, Orenburg has become the city where the foundations were laid for the development of the Kazakh intelligentsia, and, consequently, for the consolidation of the Kazakh national identity. It is emphasized that it was not despite but thanks to the imperial policy of acculturation by means of enlightenment. The author concludes that the post-reform modernization challenge, associated with the contradiction between innovations penetrating the steppe and the lack of an opportunity in the “foreign” Kazakh environment to adequately perceive them and use the proposed infrastructure for the benefit of their own development, gave rise to an response in the form of Kazakhs integrated through the Russian educational system, who became the new elite of the Kazakh people — not by right of blood, but based on the acquired new competencies and outlook on life. This new national intelligentsia has become a powerful factor in the cultural and even state growth of Kazakhs within Russia.

FORMATION OF A NETWORK OF AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE OUTLYING TERRITORIES OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN 1880—1910

The article considers the process of formation and development of professional agricultural education in the region of the Steppe Territory and the Turkestan Governorate-general. Provincial reviews, which are an appendix to the annual reports of governors, are the main source. An attempt is made to characterize the general condition of this category of educational institutions and some specific agricultural schools. The conclusion is drawn about the specific features of the development of agricultural educational institutions in the outlying territories of the Russian Empire. Their development was also influenced by modernization.

Managerial Performance of Middle-Level Managers in Agricultural Schools in Northwestern Mindanao Philippines

This study examines the managerial performance of middle-level managers in Region IX and X covering state colleges and universities that offers agricultural courses. In analyzing the gathered data, percentage, weighted mean, t-test, and chi-square test were utilized. Findings of this research revealed middle-level managers were found very good in their leadership performance, in helping people to function as human beings, providing opportunities for each faculty/staff to grow, seeking to increase college effectiveness, and providing exciting and challenging work. Not enough evidence was established in the relationship between the organizational development values of middle-level managers in terms of helping people to function as human beings and providing opportunities for the faculty and staff to grow and the instructors’ teaching performance.