THE EVALUATION OF CASCADING AND RADIAL MENUS FOR AUGMENTED REALITY IN A SMARTPHONE

The article describes an evaluation of cascading menu and radial menu in augmented reality (AR) on a smartphone. To evaluate the menus, we measured time to finish the tasks (in seconds) and usability (learnability, efficiency, memorability, errors, and satisfaction) using the System Usability Scale Questionnaire. Data obtained is then analyzed using paired-samples t-test with repeated measures and Wilcoxon signed-rank test to find the statistically significant difference. Overall results showed a preference for the cascading menu type over the radial menu in terms of usability, different from other studies. Statistically, a significant difference was found performance-wise, which indicates that participants are more familiar with cascading menus which contributes to better task time. However, the performance improved the more prolonged the participants got used to the menu when it comes to the radial menu. For errors rates, it is found that the radial menu is less error-prone than cascading menu. This evaluation can help interface designers decide whether they should use the cascading menu or radial menu when designing an interface for AR on a smartphone. The research looks into filling the evaluation gap on the radial and cascading menu, specifically in augmented reality on a smartphone. While other studies have studied and evaluated the cascading menu and radial menu in other environments, this research, on the other hand, tested and evaluated the menu in an augmented reality environment instead of the more traditional desktop environment.