Comparative analysis of elementary and edge-preserving spatial filters in noise removal – a comprehensive study

Preserving the edges and information is one of the main purposes of edge-preserving filters. That is, they’re employed to smooth a picture, and minimize halos, phantoms, and edge blur over the edge. They have a nonlinear relationship between one thing and another. Bilateral filters, anisotropic diffusion filters, directed filters, and trilateral filters are all types of example filters. The filter family may be used in a wide range of image processing tasks, such as denoising, video abstraction, demosaicing, optical flow estimation, stereo matching, tone mapping, style transfer, relighting, and others. The paper gives a clear description of edge-preserving filters, from the heat diffusion equation in ancient times to the present, explaining their numerous applications and detailing their numerous uses. Additionally, mathematical analysis is included, as well as efficient and optimized implementations. The focus is on preserving the boundaries, spikes, and canyons, and the information is given clearly and in detail. Finally, it offers a realistic representation of efficient implementation, as well as a comprehensive research scope for future hardware implementation.

De-Speckling of Ultrasound Images Using Local Statistics-Based Trilateral Filter

Speckle noise in ultrasound images is a major hindrance for the automation of segmentation, detection, classification and measurements of region of interest, to assist clinician for diagnosing pathologies. Speckle noise occurs due to constructive and destructive interference of the echo signals reflected from the target and has a granular appearance. Various techniques have been devised for speckle reduction. Most of these techniques are based on adaptive filters, wavelet transform and anisotropic diffusion filters. In this paper, a new speckle reduction technique based on the trilateral filter and local statistics of the image has been developed. The local speckle content of the image influences the trilateral filtering. The trilateral filter is a robust edge preserving filter which considers the similarity of neighboring regions in terms of adjacency, intensity and edge details. Hence, the new method preserves the finer details of the ultrasound images in the process of filtering speckle noise. The proposed technique is validated using synthetic, simulated and real-time clinical ultrasound images. Comparison of the proposed technique with the existing speckle removal algorithms in terms of quality metrics such as MSE, PSNR, UQI, SSI, FoM has been made and best results are obtained for the proposed technique.

PREPROCESSING PADA SEGMENTASI CITRA PARU-PARU DAN JANTUNG MENGGUNAKAN ANISOTROPIC DIFFUSION FILTER

This paper propose a preprocessing techniques in lung segmentation scheme using Anisotropic Diffusion filters. The aim is to improve the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity results of segmentation. This method was chosen because it has the ability to detect the edge, namely in doing smoothing, this method can obscure noise, while maintaining the edges of objects in the image. Characteristics such as this is needed to process medical image filter, where the boundary between the organ and the background is not so clear. The segmentation process is done by K-means Clustering and Active Contour to segment the lungs. Segmentation results were validated using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) showed an increased accuracy, sensitivity and specificity, when compared with the results of segmentation in the previous paper, in which the preprocessing method used is Gaussian Lowpass filter.

Edge Preserved Speckle Noise Reduction Using Integrated Fuzzy Filters

Echocardiographic images are inherent with speckle noise which makes visual reading and analysis quite difficult. The multiplicative speckle noise masks finer details, necessary for diagnosis of abnormalities. A novel speckle reduction technique based on integration of geometric, wiener, and fuzzy filters is proposed and analyzed in this paper. The denoising applications of fuzzy filters are studied and analyzed along with 26 denoising techniques. It is observed that geometric filter retains noise and, to address this issue, wiener filter is embedded into the geometric filter during iteration process. The performance of geometric-wiener filter is further enhanced using fuzzy filters and the proposed despeckling techniques are called integrated fuzzy filters. Fuzzy filters based on moving average and median value are employed in the integrated fuzzy filters. The performances of integrated fuzzy filters are tested on echocardiographic images and synthetic images in terms of image quality metrics. It is observed that the performance parameters are highest in case of integrated fuzzy filters in comparison to fuzzy and geometric-fuzzy filters. The clinical validation reveals that the output images obtained using geometric-wiener, integrated fuzzy, nonlocal means, and details preserving anisotropic diffusion filters are acceptable. The necessary finer details are retained in the denoised echocardiographic images.

Distributed Anisotropic Diffusion

Distributed anisotropic diffusion provides a wrapper program around ITK’s anisotropic diffusion filters that allows an input image to be spread across the memory of several computers and the processors of all of the computers to work simultaneously on the output. Distributed anisotropic diffusion allows the Visible Woman Head dataset to be smoothed with 100 iterations of the vector gradient magnitude anisotropic diffusion filter in 47 minutes on an 8 node 64 core cluster versus 53 minutes for just 10 iterations of standard vector gradient magnitude anisotropic diffusion on a single node.