Differences in Menstruation-Related Symptoms of University Students Depending on Their Living Status in Japan

Mothers and family members of young female students play important roles for guiding their self-care strategies for menstruation-related symptoms; which often affect their daily life and academic life. The aim of this study is to clarify the differences in menstruation-related symptoms before and during menstruation in university students living alone and university students living with their family in Japan. We conducted a cross-sectional online survey to assess menstruation-related symptoms before and during menstruation using the menstrual distress questionnaire (MDQ). Among 135 students; the proportion of students living alone was 60.7% and the proportion of students living with their family was 39.3%. Before menstruation; the MDQ total score and the scores for negative affect and behavior change were significantly higher in students living alone than in students living with their family. During menstruation; scores for negative affect and impaired concentration were also significantly higher in students living alone. In addition; before menstruation; scores for an increase in appetite and craving for sweets were significantly higher in students living alone. Thus; living alone affected the psychological aspects of menstruation-related symptoms in young women. The results suggest that university students who live alone should be aware of the importance of talking about their menstruation problems with family members and seeking their advice

EFFECT OF KARATE EXERCISES ON IRREGULAR MENSTRUAL CYCLES IN COLLEGE GOING GIRLS- A PRE AND POST EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

Studies which are done worldwide, have stated that 74% of adult women suffer from irregular menstrual cycles and other associated symptoms. They have also found that there is association between quality of life and irregular menstrual cycles and distress related to menstrual irregularities. This study was a pre and post experimental study, where 45 college going girls were screened for irregular menstrual cycles, followed by that, demographic details were taken and pre intervention BMI was calculated and menstrual distress questionnaire scores were analyzed. The Karate exercises included, 15 minutes of Running, 15 minutes of 100 punches, 100 kicks for 15 minutes, 15 minutes of Karate techniques and 10 minutes of Katas and 5 minutes of cool down exercises and breathing exercises. The results of pre and post interventions showed that the Karate exercises were effective on irregular menstrual cycles along with decrease in BMI levels and menstrual distress questionnaire scores including domains. Based on the results, the study can be concluded that, the Karate exercises are effective on irregular menstrual cycles along with reduction in BMI levels and menstrual distress questionnaire scores. In addition it showed the improvement in pain, negative thoughts, concentration related to menstrual irregularities. The study found that the karate exercises are mostly effective on menstrual distress than BMI levels.

Pre-menstrual syndrome among the general female population of Saudi Arabia: Are there any Opportunities for Pharmacist’s involvement in patients education?

Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) affects up to 20% of reproductive-aged women and contribute to marked impairment of interpersonal or workplace performance in about 3-8%. Thus, a study was conducted to find out the frequency of PMS in Saudi female population using modified Moos menstrual distress questionnaire (MDQ) and assess the severity of emotional, physical, and behavioural symptoms. Method: The pharmacists-led cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted from January to April 2020 among the female population in Asir region, Saudi Arabia. The study questionnaire was first distributed to university students and was requested to pass it on to their family members and others. Results: There was a total of 383 public responded to our study, whereas 60 responses were excluded due to incomplete data. Among the respondents, majority were between the age group of 21¬ to 25 years (n=167; 51.7%), students (n=209; 64.7%), single (n=224; 69.3%). Most of the respondents in all age groups experienced any one of these PMS ranging from moderate to severe intensity. Under every domain of the PMS, most reported severe mood swing as the negative effects by 121 (37.5%); in cognitive symptoms, mild lack of concentration by 117 (36.2%); in fluid retention, breast pain by 101 (31.3%); in behaviour change, mild lack of performance by 111 (34.4%); in somatic symptoms, severe body aches by 132 (40.9%); and in autonomic reactions, mild sweats by 81 (25.1%), respondents. Among the respondents, negative effects, behaviour change, and somatic symptoms were commonly seen with varying intensity which was ranging from 15.5% to 37.5%, 9.9% to 34.4%, and 14.2% to 40.9%, respectively. Conclusion: A considerable high prevalence of PMS was found among the study population. Healthcare professionals especially pharmacists involvement is highly required to conduct health education and awareness programs, and counselling services for female population on symptoms of PMS and prevention through lifestyle modification.

Menstrual distress in females of reproductive age: a literature review

Menstrual-related issues have significant public-health ramifications. Women who are having menstruation troubles should get their mental health checked by healthcare specialists. In young women, a menstrual-related condition has serious health implications. Young females who have menstrual issues miss job and school, and their behavioural and mental development suffers as a result. Depression and anxiety have an impact on women’s menstrual periods in adults. Symptoms like as cramps, tiredness, backache, swelling abdomen, and painful breasts have also been described in women with menstrual misery. Menstrual distress has been shown to impair women’s daily activities, as well as their reproductive and psychological health, according to research. Menstrual periods are frequently accompanied by a variety of unpleasant symptoms, such as premenstrual syndrome, which includes symptoms such as mild cramping and exhaustion. The severity of these symptoms, on the other hand, differs from woman to woman, depending on their health, food, way of life, and other factors. Women with menstrual-related issues have also reported smoking, alcohol intake, and an increase in hunger. Furthermore, young women experience emotional disturbances such as melancholy, restlessness, and despair. It is a sign of an atypical menstrual cycle if there is no cycle or if the bleeding is atypical or light. As a result, it is critical to maintain contact with a gynaecologist in order to detect any significant changes in a regular menstrual cycle.

Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Menstrual difficulties among Adolescent Girls

Adolescence is a phase of changeover from childhood to adulthood. For a girl, adolescence is a blend of physical and psychological preparation to enrol into a safe motherhood1. Menstruation is a basic female physiological process, capable of affecting the several other metabolisms within the body2. This study was conducted to Assess the Effect of Aerobic Exercises on Menstrual Difficulties among Adolescent Girls in a Selected School at Puducherry. Pre experimental one group pretest post-test design was used in this study. 60 adolescent girls who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected by Purposive sampling technique. On day one clinical variables and level of menstrual distress was assessed using Modified Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire with previous month experience. Aerobic Exercise session was started from 5th day of the cycle up to 22nd day weekly 3 days for 30minutes in a common room. Post test conducted using Modified Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire on the 5th day of the cycle the following month to assess the effectiveness of Aerobic Exercises. The study findings revealed that, the median difference in Menstrual Distress level between pretest and posttest with Aerobic Exercises intervention was observed to be highly statistically significant (p value<.0.001) Findings of the study revealed that there was highly statistically significant difference in the level of Menstrual Distress before and after Aerobic Exercises. Hence the study concluded that Aerobic Exercises being one of non pharmacological method was very effective in decreasing the level of Menstrual Distress among adolescent girls.

Nursing Students’ Perceptions of Menstrual Distress during Clinical Practice: A Q-Methodology Study

This study aimed to explore the cluster patterns of female nursing students’ perceptions of the effects of menstrual distress during clinical practice. This study adopted the Q-methodology study design. We recruited female nursing students from a college in northern Taiwan. Forty-seven Q-statements were constructed to explore participants’ experiences of the impact of menstrual distress on clinical learning. In total, 58 participants subjectively ranked Q-statements concerning menstrual distress experiences during clinical practice and were classified. After Q-sorting, the subjective ranking process PQ Method (version 2.35, Schmolck, Emmendingen, Germany) was employed for factor analysis. Four patterns of shared perspectives, accounting for 46.6% of the total variance, were identified: (a) influencing clinical learning and making good use of painkillers; (b) responsible attitudes and diversified relief of discomfort; (c) seeking peer support and effect on mood; (d) negative impact on learning ability and conservative self-care. Clinical practice is a major component of nursing education; menstrual distress affects female nursing students’ clinical learning and performance. The exploration of clustering different nursing students’ perceptions may facilitate customized strategies to enable more appropriate assistance.

The role of water intake in the severity of pain and menstrual distress among females suffering from primary dysmenorrhea: a semi-experimental study

Background Dysmenorrhea is the most common health problem among women of reproductive age. The aim of the present study was to investigate the modifying role of water intake in menstrual distress and severity of pain among young female adolescents. Method A semi-experimental study was conducted on a sample of undergraduate female students aged 18–30 years in Isfahan, Iran from 2016 to 2019. Volunteers who had history of suffering from primary dysmenorrhea and drank less than 1600 ml water per day were assigned into water intake (n = 70) and control (n = 70) groups. Participants could select the group in which they desired to be considered. The water intake group was asked to drink water regularly based on a protocol for two menstrual periods while the control group did not receive any form of intervention. Demographic information and menstrual characteristics and severity of menstrual pain (based on a visual analogue scale), were obtained using a short questionnaire. The data were compared between and within two groups before and after intervention using chi-square test, Mann–Whitney U test, and the Friedman’s analysis of variance. Results The mean age (SD) of participants was 22.0 (2.7) years and 77 students reported normal duration of menstrual bleeding. The number of students who had normal duration of menstrual bleeding (4–6 days) in water intake group increased after intervention (39 vs. 49 after first and 46 after second cycles of menstruation). However, the interval of menstrual cycle did not change significantly in either groups. Considerable decrease in using pain killer was observed in water intake group (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed between control and water intake groups before intervention in pain intensity (pain mean score 7.64 vs. 7.06), but within group comparison showed that pain intensity was significantly decreased among water intake group (p < 0.0001) while for control group only a significant decrease was observed for the first day of menstrual bleeding. Conclusion The findings suggest that water intake might have modifying role in reducing menstrual bleeding duration, pain killer utilization, and pain intensity during menstrual period. Trial registration IRCT20180708040377N1, 16 April 2020, Retrospectively registered, at https://www.irct.ir/trial/32446

PEMBERIAN PILATES EXERCISE MENURUNKAN DERAJAT DISMENORE PRIMER PADA SISWI DI SMA NEGERI 3 DENPASAR

Menstruasi merupakan perdarahan akibat peluruhan dinding endometrium secara teratur pada seorang wanita yang tidak sedang hamil dan belum menopouse setiap bulannya. Saat menstruasi wanita banyak mengalami berbagai masalah, salah satunya dismenore primer. Terdapat suatu metode terapi latihan yang dapat digunakan sebagai metode preventif dan kuratif pada kondisi dismenore primer, yaitu pilates exercise. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pilates exercise dalam menurunkan derajat dismenore primer siswi di SMA Negeri 3 Denpasar. Studi eksperimental ini menggunakan desain control group pre test – post test. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 30 sampel dengan teknik purposive sampling. Terdapat kelompok perlakuan yang diberikan pilates exercise dan kelompok kontrol. Pilates exercise dilakukan 3x/seminggu selama 3 minggu. Derajat dismenore dinilai menggunakan NRS (Numerical Rating Scale) dan MMDQ (Modified Menstrual Distress Questionnaire). Rerata usia kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol adalah 16,40 tahun dan 16,53 tahun. Rerata IMT kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol adalah 21,76 kg/m2 dan 21,41 kg/m2. Hasil nilai uji hipotesis paired sample T-test pada MMDQ kelompok perlakuan adalah p=0,000 (p<0,05) dan kelompok kontrol p=0,087 (p>0,05). Pengukuran NRS kelompok perlakuan p=0,000 (p<0,05) dan kelompok kontrol p=0,032 (p<0,05). Hasil Independent sample T-test pada pengukuran MMDQ dan NRS menunjukkan p=0,00 (p<0,05). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian pilates exercise menurunkan derajat dismenore primer pada siswi di SMA Negeri 3 Denpasar.

Prevalence of Premenstrual Symptoms and Symptom Severity among Female Medical Students - An Institutional Study

BACKGROUND Premenstrual symptoms are generally seen 7 - 10 days before the menstruation period and are collectively called as premenstrual syndrome. Dysmenorrhea is the most common premenstrual symptom that affects the lifestyle and activity of young women. This study was aimed at estimating the prevalence of premenstrual symptoms and its severity in female medical student population of Government Medical college, Patiala, Punjab. METHODS 500 female medical students aged between 18 - 28 years were included in the study. Female students were asked to fill preformed questionnaire to elicit gynaecological information as well as the 4-point grading scale menstrual distress questionnaires. Symptoms were divided into two groups: physical symptoms and behavioural / psychological symptoms. RESULTS Only 30.24 % of the students reported one or more symptoms; of these, 22.76 % were having mild, 5.6 % moderate and 1.87 % severe degree of symptoms. From physical and behavioural / psychological symptoms, it was noticed that behavioural / psychological symptoms predominate. Among physical symptoms, breast tenderness is experienced most followed by bloating, and weight gain during premenstrual phase. Among psychological / behavioural symptoms, irritability predominates followed by restlessness & mood swings. CONCLUSIONS Diagnosis is best achieved through daily rating symptoms over at least one menstrual cycle; clinicians can ask patients to choose their worst symptoms and chart the severity daily, or can select a validated scale such as the Daily Record of Severity of Problems. Disappearance of symptoms after menstruation is the key to diagnosis. KEYWORDS Premenstrual Syndrome, Depressive Disorder, Prevalence, Dysmenorrhea