The Impact of the Credit Channel on Macroeconomic Variables and Bank Characteristics in the Brazilian Economy from 2009 to 2018

This article uses commercial bank-level data to examine a credit channel of the monetary policy transmission mechanism in the Brazilian economy from BRICS countries. Static panel data with a fixed-effect model are used for data analysis. Using a sample of 212 commercial banks from 2009 to 2018. According to the findings of this study, there is a significant and positive relationship between macroeconomic variables that affect the interest rate and GDP with the loan amount, but not with the inflation rate. Also, it is reasonable to conclude that banks in Brazil react to monetary policy in a variety of ways.

Interest Rate Channel of Monetary Policy Transmission Mechanism and Commercial Banks Earnings in Nigeria

This study examined the interest rates channel of the monetary policy transmission mechanism and the earnings of commercial banks in Nigeria. The objective was to investigate the extent to which the interest rates channel of the monetary policy transmission mechanism affects the earnings capacity of the quoted commercial banks. Time series data were sourced from annual financial reports of the commercial banks and the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin’s various issues. Earnings measures such as earnings per share and earnings before interest and tax were modeled as the function of Monetary Policy Rate, Prime Lending Rate, Short-term Savings Rate, Long-term Saving Rate and Maximum Lending Rate. The Ordinary Least Square method of Regression Analysis was used to estimate the relationship between the dependent and the independent variables. Augmented Dickey Fuller Test, Johansen Cointegration Test, Granger Causality Test and Vector Error Correction Test were used to determine the dynamic relationship among the variables. Findings showed that short-term and long-term savings rates have negative effects while monetary policy rate, maximum lending rate and prime lending rate have positive effects on the earnings capacity of Nigerian commercial banks. Therefore, we recommend that interest rate policies should be integrated with the earning objectives of the commercial banks.

Monetary Policy Transmission Mechanism of Bangladesh

This paper examines the effectiveness of the monetary policy of the central bank of Bangladesh and the impacts on the country’s economy.

The Relationship Between Monetary Policy and Banking Policy to Manage Macro-Financial Flows of the Russian Banking Sector

Subject. This article analyzes the current state of the relationship between monetary policy and banking policy to manage macro-financial flows of the banking sector of Russia. Objectives. The article aims to assess how closely monetary policy and banking policy are linked in order to manage the macro-financial flows of the Russian banking sector. Methods. For the study, I used normative and integrated approaches, and general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge. Results. The article assesses the relationship between monetary policy and banking policy to manage macro-financial flows of the banking sector of Russia. Conclusions. The Bank of Russia's monetary policy transmission mechanism needs to be developed and improved. Developing a new channel of influence, i.e. the digital channel of the transmission mechanism, is a promising area to improve it.

Sukuk and monetary policy transmission in Indonesia: the role of asset price and exchange rate channels

Purpose The purpose of this study is to empirically analyze the role of sukuk in the monetary policy transmission mechanism through the asset price and exchange rate channels in the Indonesian economy. Design/methodology/approach Using the monthly data from January 2003 to November 2017, this study uses a multivariate vector error correction model causality framework. To examine the role of sukuk in the monetary policy transmission mechanism through the asset price channel, this study uses the variables of consumption, inflation, interest rates, economic growth and the composite stock price index. Meanwhile, to examine the role of sukuk in the monetary policy transmission mechanism through the exchange rate channel, this study used variables of inflation, interest rates, economic growth, foreign investment and exchange rate. Findings This study documented that sukuk has no causal relationship with inflation through asset price and exchange rate channels. Nevertheless, sukuk has a bidirectional causal relationship with economic growth through asset price and exchange rate channels. Sukuk is also documented to have a causal relationship with monetary policy variables of interest rate and stock prices through asset price and exchange rate channels. Finally, a unidirectional causality is recorded running from the exchange rate to sukuk in the exchange rate channel. Research limitations/implications The finding of independence of the sukuk market from interest rates provides evidence that the trading of the sukuk in Indonesia has been in harmony with the Islamic tenets. Practical implications The relevant Indonesian authorities need to enhance both domestic and global sukuk markets as part of efforts to promote the sustainability of Islamic capital market development in Indonesia. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is among the first attempts to empirically investigate the role of sukuk in monetary policy transmission through asset price and exchange rate channels in the context of the Indonesian economy.

Analisis Efektivitas Kebijakan Moneter Dalam Perspektif Konvensional dan Syariah Terhadap Inflasi di Indonesia Tahun 2013-2020

This scientific research was conducted to see the effect and how the effectiveness of the monetary policy transmission mechanism from both conventional and sharia perspectives to tackle inflation in 2013-2020. The conventional monetary policy transmission mechanism can be seen from the total conventional bank credit (LOAN), the interest rate on Bank Indonesia Certificates (SBI), and the average yield on Government Securities (SUN). Meanwhile, sharia monetary policy can be seen from the yield rates on Bank Indonesia Sharia Certificates (SBIS), total Islamic bank financing (FINC) and the average yield of State Sharia Securities (SBSN). Through the Vector Error Correction Model method, it is found that the SBI results have a significant negative effect so that if the interest rate increases by one percent it will reduce inflation. Unlike the case with the effectiveness as measured by the Impulse Response Function (IFR) and Forecast Error Variance Decomposition (FEVD), where conventional monetary policy is fast in controlling the inflation rate compared to Islamic monetary policy. However, the magnitude of Islamic monetary policy is greater than conventional monetary policy.

Effectiveness of Monetary Policy Transmission Mechanism in an Implicit Inflation Targeting Regime: The Case of Nigeria.

The study examines the effectiveness of the monetary policy transmission mechanism in Nigeria by estimating a sticky-price DSGE model using the Bayesian estimation approach. This study is important given the implicit inflation targeting framework employed in the implementation of monetary policy in the country. The study employs quarterly data from 2000:1 to 2019:4 to estimate the two main categories of monetary policy frameworks, monetary aggregate and implicit inflation targeting, respectively. Data are sourced from World Development Indicator (online version). Empirical results show that the monetary policy transmission channels are effective in transmitting policy impulses to the economy within this regime. However, the monetary aggregate framework that is made explicit dampens the achievement of this framework. The study, therefore, concludes that inflation targeting should be made explicit in the country in other to reap the benefits embedded in the framework.

Central Banking and Financial Inclusion

The chapter examines the nexus between financial inclusion and central banking, and how the relationship impacts on conduct of monetary policy. It highlights the progress on financial inclusion in Africa, and how it influences the behaviour of firms and households, which in the long run affect the efficiency of monetary policy transmission mechanism. The financial risks associated with financial inclusion are well noted, including discussion on how the risks may compromise financial stability; suggestions are offered on actions that may be taken to support financial inclusion. The chapter also outlines the measures to be undertaken by financial institutions to further support financial inclusion and the key role of central banks in ensuring financial stability through its regulations, supervision, and licensing.

Peripheral Banking System Fragility and its Effect on EMU Monetary Policy Transmission Mechanism

This article evaluates the transmission through intermediaries taking into consideration the dichotomy between peripheral and core banking systems with regards to the ECB’s standard and non-standard measures of monetary policy by the use of “shadow rate” as an indicator of the monetary policy stance. Bank sector is represented by lending surveys data (BLS) which contain robust quarterly information on changes in loan terms, conditions and standards for both firms and households. By using a Factor Augmented VAR (FAVAR) methodology, we conclude that our model performs well, but it only contradicts the predictions of theory as far as it concerns the credit volume impulse responses functions (IRFs). Selecting a sample of core and peripheral banking systems to apply our methodology, we find the theoretical predictions are confirmed only when the peripheral banking systems are neutralized, indicating that the erratic behaviour of IRFs results from the periphery’s banking system inclusion. We conclude that dislocation in the peripheral segment of European banking system impairs seriously the monetary policy transmission mechanism and, importantly, steps should be undertaken towards risk-sharing in EMU and risk reduction in peripheral banking systems to cure banking system imbalances in the context of EMU.