Study on the daily activity of scaly-breasted Munia (Lonchura punctulata) in the Indonesian rice field

The Scaly-breasted Munia (Lonchura punctulata) is known as a common pest in the Indonesian rice field. However, there is no study on the daily activity of this species. This study aims to determine the daily activity of L. punctulata in rice field habitat. The research was conducted on April-May 2021 in Aceh Besar (Sumatera), Wonogiri (Central Java) and Tulungagung (East Java). Sixty-three hours of observations were carried out in seven days using scan sampling and data recorded using the continuous method. Observation time was divided into morning, afternoon, and evening for three hours each time. Data variation was analyzed with ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis, then the correlation between behavior and temperature was analyzed using Pearson and Spearman Correlation Test. Our results show that moving (35.9 – 65.2%) and feeding (16.9–44.69%) are the most frequently observed behaviors. Only sunbathing behavior in the afternoon was significantly different in three locations (p-value < 0.001). Correlation analysis shows that feeding and sunbathing behavior have an inverse correlation with temperature. However, resting behaviors increases with increasing temperature. Temperature affects daily activities due to the bird’s thermoregulatory system. The other factors also influence L. punctulata behavior, such as other bird species presence and bird scaring activities.

INVENTARISASI JENIS BURUNG DI AREAL BEKAS TAMBANG BATUBARA PT. PILAR PUTRA SEJATI KELURAHAN LOA BAKUNG KECAMATAN SUNGAI KUNJANG SAMARINDA

The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of bird species in the area of ​​the former coal mine of PT. Pilar Putra Sejati, Loa Bakung Village, Sungai Kunjang District, Samarinda.This research has been carried out for approximately three months starting from May 2021 to September 2021. The method used for observing birds is a direct method using traps or traps in the form of fog nets and traps or snares, where observations are made at six points , as follows; three points on the edge of the dug hole and three points located on trees frequented by birds. At each point, observations were held in the morning at 06.00-08.00 and in the afternoon at 16.00-18.00 WITA.The results of observations at the research location found as many as 9 species of birds from 6 families. Bird species during the study were Lonchura punctulata (Ploceidae family), Passer montanus (Ploceidae family), Streptopelia chinensis (Colombidae family), Giopelia striata (Colombidae family), Arborophila charltonii (Phasianidae family), Phynonotus aurigaster (nis family), Aenicurus family Rallidae), Acridotheres javanicus (family Sturnidae), and Lonchura fuscans (family Ploceidae).

Possible environmental and meteorological factors underlying scaly-breasted munia Lonchura punctulata (L.) mass mortality events in Southeast Asia urban and rural areas in September 2021

Mass bird mortality is a rare event. This event could be happened and could be a combination of numerous factors. It could be something that's still completely unknown to us. In September 2021 in SE Asia, there were 2 mass bird mortality events of Lonchura punctulata. The first event happens on 9 September in rural area at 08.00 AM and second happens on 14 September at 12.00 PM in urban area. The results show that precipitation combined with the wind gust might be correlated with mass mortality. The results showed precipitation factors have contributed 71.18% (R2 = 0.714, P = 0.008) to the mortality and followed by wind gust with 28.81% contribution (R2 = 0.41, P = 0.08). The meteorological parameter was not the only factors affecting the mortality events. The landscapes in urban and rural areas have experienced fragmentations. Urban areas have severe fragmentation of vegetation covers with remaining vegetation covers were only 17.4% and patch density indices of 0.29. In contrast rural areas still have higher vegetation cover remnants about 21.12% and patch density indices of 0.93. Then severe meteorological events combined with the fragmented habitats of L. punctulata may explain the mass mortality of this bird species.

The Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum) Extract Pesticides in Repelling Rice Eating Bird Pests

One of the main problems in rice cultivation is the difficulty of controlling bondol bird (Lonchura punctulata) pest attacks. Bird pest is one of the main enemies of farmers that can reduce crop production. Increasing bird populations cause crop yields to decline. So that one way that can be used in repelling bird pests is by giving pesticides from garlic extract. Allicin is a compound that gives garlic its distinctive smell which repels bird pests. This study aims to determine the effect of the provision of plant-based pesticides from garlic extract in repelling rice-eating bird pests. This research was conducted in Tonasa Village, Takalar District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Research implementation methods include the manufacture and testing of pesticides liquid extracts of garlic and application in the field by spraying, this spraying is carried out in the morning, afternoon, and evening before making the observations. Observation parameters use the method of comparing initial observations and final observations observed in the morning, afternoon and evening (comparison method) by conducting initial data collection (without using pesticides) and final data collection (after spraying pesticides), the average number of groups of birds that attack 1 Ha of rice fields. The results obtained on average indicate quite a lot of attacks in a day, especially in the morning. After the use of the automatic repellent method the attacks of bondol bird groups tend to decrease where in the morning ratio of 20 to 33 decreases to 5 to 13 attacks, while the ratio of daytime 8 to 15 decreases to 3 to 7 attacks and the ratio of the evening 19 to 33 decreases to 6 to 12 bird group attacks. So that the administration of garlic extract pesticides is effective in reducing bird pest attacks.

Scaly-breasted Munia (Lonchura punctulata Linnaeus 1758).

This chapter describes the common terminologies, taxonomy, morphology, geographical distribution, physiology, diet, behaviour, reproduction, habitats, ecology, invasion pathways, environmental impact, control and human use of the scaly-breasted munia (Lonchura punctulata).

Jenis-jenis Burung di Daerah Pasui Kecamatan Buntu Batu Kabupaten Enrekang

<p><em>Bi</em><em>r</em><em>d</em><em>s are living organisms classified into the Kingdom Animalia, phylum Aves and including organisms that possess similar characteristics </em><em>wi</em><em>t</em><em>h body cover </em><em>i</em><em>n the form of feathers and can fly. The aim of this study was to determine the diversity of bird species found in Pasui Village, Buntu Batu District, Enrekang Regency. This research was conducted at Pasui watershed. Birdwatching is done by cruising method at three different stations. The results of this study found 14 bird species classified into 5 orders, 11 families and 13 genera. The bird species obtained are </em><em>Ha</em><em>liastur indus, Collocalia esculenta, Egretta alba, Chalcophaps indica longirostris, Streptopelia chinensin, Corvus enca, Dicaeum aureolimbatum, Eruthrura hyperythra, Lonchura Malacca, Lonchura punctulata, Passer montanus, Pycnonotus aurigaster, Acridontheres javanicus, Zosterops pelpepbrosus.</em></p>