Control Measures on Groundwater Pollution through Leakages of Underground Storage Tanks of Filling Stations in Nigeria

Background: Groundwater pollution from leakages of Underground Storage Tanks is a global issue and has been significantly controlled and maintained by many developed countries in the last 30 years. The knowledge and practices used in containing this environmental issue can also be applied locally in Nigeria. Methods: This paper reviewed the environmental policies and strategies put in place by the United States of America and the statutory regulations in Nigeria to identify the possible causes of pollution from leaking underground storage tanks within the country in order to recommend applicable preventive and control measures. Results: Findings showed there are lots of regulations and laws to protect environmental resources in Nigeria which has led to establishment of different ministries, departments and agencies of government for implementation yet, a number of shortcomings can be traced to its inability to efficiently control leaking underground storage tanks in filling stations nationwide. Conclusion: However, necessary recommendations were made which could be applied by implementing minor preventive measures and procedures that will significantly curb this menace as achieved in other developed nations of the world.

Environmental Health Threats Associated with Drainage from a Coastal Urban Watershed

The project goal was to determine if stormwater runoff and the legacy effects of leaking underground storage tanks (UST) posed an environmental health threat along an urban stream, Town Creek (TC). Baseflow and stormflow samples were collected from TC between March and October 2016 for physical and chemical characterization and E. coli analyses. Groundwater seeps and wells near the banks of TC were also sampled for E. coli and benzene analyses. Stormflow concentrations of E. coli were significantly (p < 0.05) elevated relative to preceding baseflow and groundwater concentrations. Overall, 80% of stormflow samples and 45% of baseflow samples exceeded the US EPA recommended standards for E. coli in recreational waters. Benzene was detected in all water samples analyzed and 50% of samples collected from a seep on the western bank of TC exceeded the maximum contaminant level. Concentrations of benzene emitted to air from contaminated soil exceeded short term exposure standards 75% of times sampled. Results suggest the drainage from TC may be a threat to environmental health. Implementation of stormwater control measures is suggested to reduce the delivery of runoff and E. coli to TC. Remediation of groundwater contaminated by leaking underground storage tanks is also suggested.

A field study of nuclear magnetic resonance logging to quantify petroleum contamination in subsurface sediments

In a field study conducted in Pine Ridge, South Dakota, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging measurements were used to investigate an area of hydrocarbon contamination from leaking underground storage tanks. The NMR logging measurements are directly sensitive to hydrogen-bearing fluids in the sediments surrounding a well and can be used to estimate in situ fluid volumes. The relaxation time [Formula: see text] and diffusion coefficient [Formula: see text] of the fluids may be used to differentiate between signal from water and signal from contaminant, enabling the estimation of the hydrocarbon volume. In this study, NMR measurements were collected in two PVC-cased monitoring wells, with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] measurements used together to detect a contaminant smear zone at both the wells. Although the contrast in [Formula: see text] between the fluids was found to be inadequate for fluid typing, the [Formula: see text] contrast between the contaminant and water in silt enabled the estimation of contaminant volumes. Using this technique, the vertical extent of the smear zone was found to be more than 3 m with up to 5 vol% contaminant in the sediments at one well and up to 9.5 vol% at the other well. Our work reveals that NMR logging can, under certain circumstances, be used to detect and quantify in situ contamination, but it also highlights the significant limitation that sediment and contaminant properties at many sites may result in insufficient contrast in [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].

Bioaugumentation Efficiency of Microbial Bacteria and Strategy for Its Recovery through Addition of NPK Fertilizers and the Study of Its Morphology

The study basically focuses on hydrocarbon contamination that is caused because of bacteria present in the soil. Transport Nagar Area in Jaipur is mostly covered with garages and hence surrounded by crude oil, petrol, diesel and other fractions of crude oil. Soil and ground water are polluted with diesel fuel from leaking underground storage tanks which happens as a result of accidental spills and leakage from pipelines which causes harm to the both flora and fauna. In the study conducted the treatment samples were observed with significant difference with the control. The microbial count was maintained in the range of 3.86*104- THBP per gram soil and 1.87*103- PDBP per gram soil. The highest bacterial growth was showed after 60 days with 40% NPK because of the presence of an inorganic nutrition, bacterial activity and as a result petroleum degradation was maximum.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(2): 233-235

International Real Estate Review

This research evaluates the effect of leaking underground storage tanks (LUSTs) from gas stations on nearby commercial property when the existing data is incomplete or imperfect. While methodologies such as hedonic regression may be preferred for evaluating the effects of LUSTs on property values, the rigorous data requirements of these methodologies often cannot be met. Contingent valuation analysis is one method that enables estimation of losses when the data available is incomplete. A contingent valuation analysis of real estate professionals in South Carolina and Ohio provides estimates of commercial property losses, which ranges from 0-40%, depending on environmental conditions and proximity to the source. This research has developed a methodology for estimating real estate property value losses when data requirements cannot be fulfilled based on the best available data.