Diversity and potential utilization of medicinal plants in Way Kambas National Park

The lowland forest area of Section I Way Kanan, Way Kambas National Park, possesses abundant medicinal tree species. This study aims to identify the medicinal tree species and their potential uses. Data collection was carried out by an inventory of all tree species by the belt transect method on a 100 m x 10 m. All plants were sampled for the herbarium, recorded, identified, and then analyzed for their usefulness. Data analysis was carried out to obtain the accuracy of scientific names, using the comparative identification approach, comparing herbarium samples from the field with herbarium specimens from Heyne’s collection at the Forest Botanical Herbarium, Forest Research and Development Center, Bogor. The identification results using herbarium specimens recorded 24 medicinal tree species of the 20 genera and 20 families. Based on Heyne’s Herbarium collection, 13 tree species of the 11 genera and 11 families possess the potential for medicinal and food. Among these species, the community still uses medicinal trees, such as Artocarpus elasticus, Baccaurea bracteata, Bouea oppositifolia and Cinnamomum iners. In general, people use medicinal plants when a family member is sick or used as tonics and supplements to maintain endurance.

ANALISIS OBYEK DAYA TARIK WISATA (ODTW) DAN INTERPRETASI JALUR EKOWISATA ELEPHANT TOUR DI PUSAT LATIHAN GAJAH TAMAN NASIONAL WAY KAMBAS

Way Kambas National Park is famous as an endemic habitat for the Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) precisely in the Elephant Training Center area as a base for ecotourism activities. Statistics on the number of tourist visits turned out to show a decrease, therefore we need an innovative eco-tourism breakthrough one of which has the potential to be developed is the Elephant Tour ecotourism. The purpose of this study is to identify potential attraction objects that exist in the Way Kambas National Park Elephant Training Center and interpret ecotourism path plans. The method used in this study is field observations to obtain data on potential points and ecotourism path. The data that has been obtained is then tabulated for descriptive and spatial analysis. The results showed that the object of attraction in the Way Kambas National Park precisely in the area of the Elephant Training Center consists of flora, fauna, beauty landscape and planned ecotourism path into two, long and short trips.

ANALISIS TEMUAN PATROLI POLISI HUTAN TERHADAP PERBURUAN SATWA LIAR DI RESORT WAY KANAN, TAMAN NASIONAL WAY KAMBAS

Hunting for wildlife in Way Kambas National Park (WKNP) is one of the leading causes of humans and animal conflict. So far, patrol activities are still considered less than optimal because of the decline in animal populations due to frequent hunting. This study aimed to analyze the findings of forest ranger patrols in protecting wild animals from hunting in WKNP. Data collection was carried out by observation, interviews and literature study. The data collected from the literature were then analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The results showed that during patrol activities, the finding of snares was still very much used by hunters and also found elephants that died due to hunting, although the range of forest rangers every year had increased but the number of personnel who did not match the size of the forest area made some areas not can be protected.

The Increase of Sumatran Tiger’s Prey Following Eradication of Melastoma malabatrichum in Way Kambas National Park, Indonesia

The invasion of the planter's rhododendron (Melastoma malabatrichum) in Way Kambas National Park caused the loss of the sumatran tiger preys feeding ground, therefore efforts were made to eradicate the plant. This study aimed to compare the presence of sumatran tiger preys between M. malabatrichum-invaded location and eradicated location. Eradication was carried out by removing M. malabatrichum on a plot measuring 80 x 60 m2. To record the animal visit, the camera traps were placed at the eradicated and invaded location of M. malabatrichum for comparison. The results showed that the M. malabatrichum eradicated location was more frequently visited by sumatran tiger preys. At the M. malabatrichum eradicated location, camera traps recorded 19 species of wild boar having the highest encounter rate (55.23) followed by sambar deer (33.24), and long-tailed macaque (17.43). Meanwhile, at the M. malabatrichum invaded location, camera traps recorded 13 species with wild boar having the highest encounter rate (30.56), followed by sambar deer (14.75), and long-tailed macaque (14.48). Thus, the eradication of M. malabatrichum had a good impact on increasing the number of sumatran tiger preys due to the availability of feed after being free from M. malabatrichum invasion.

DNA Barcoding for Selected Mangrove-Based Estuary Fishes from Way Kambas National Park, Lampung Province, Indonesia

Over the past decade, DNA barcoding has provided new insight into fish ecology and biosystematics and led to new species' discovery. DNA barcoding is a method for the recognition and identification of species using short, standardised DNA fragments. The correct taxonomic identification of species is critical for the assessment and monitoring of biodiversity. This study applied DNA barcoding techniques to identify selected fish species from a mangrove-based estuary in Way Kambas National Park, Lampung Province, Indonesia. The gene encoding cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) was amplified and bi-directionally sequenced from 22 specimens. The resulting 680 base pairs (bp) sequence was used to identify species, obtain phylogenetic information, and analyse genetic distances. A neighbour-joining tree was constructed based on the mitochondrial COI gene using the Kimura two-parameter model. This study also exhibits conservation status for those identified species. Our findings will facilitate future studies of fish species diversity in mangrove estuary-based ecosystems and provide preliminary data in policymaking in conservation areas such as National Park.

IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF COI GENE IN FEMALE SUMATRAN ELEPHANT (Elephas maximus sumatranus) IN ELEPHANT TRAINING CENTRE, WAY KAMBAS NATIONAL PARK

Sumatran elephant is a subspecies of endemic Asian elephants on the island of Sumatra and is included in the Red List of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) with critically endangered status. The building of the Elephant Training Centre (ETC) in Way Kambas National Park (WKNP) is one of the conservation efforts of Sumatran elephants. Small and closed population size lead to an increased risk of inbreeding that triggers reduction in genetic variation and viability and increases the risk of extinction. The phylogenetic pattern of Sumatran elephants in Indonesia has shown a low population genetic diversity. Genetic diversity information is indispensable to support the direction of decision making in Sumatran elephant conservation policy. The DNA isolation of Sumatran elephants in ETC, WKNP has performed as a first step to trace its genetic variation. The advanced step of DNA isolation is the use of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene for identification of genetic characteristics in Sumatran elephants. The COI gene is one of the genes on the mitochondrial genome and in molecular studies it is used as a genetic marker to study genetic characteristics between species and individuals. Identification and characterisation are done by sequencing process and data analysis in the form of electroforegram using Molecular Evolution Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 6.0. to see the genetic diversity of the female Sumatran elephant population in ETC, WKNP. Based on the results of the analysis it is indicated that the genetic distance of 24 individual female Sumatran elephant from PLG, TNWK is 0.000 with a homology value of 100%, strengthened by the construction of phylogenetic tree. The absence of genetic distance indicates a close genetic relationship, so it can be concluded all individual female Sumatran elephants in the PLG, TNWK is derived from one population group.

KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS VEGETASI PAKAN BADAK FASE SEMAI DI ZONA KHUSUS KONSERVASI TAMAN NASIONAL WAY KAMBAS

The Sumatran rhinos (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) is the smallest of the five species of rhinoceros that still alive. Way Kambas National Park (TNWK) is captivity semi-insitu of Dicerorhinus sumatrensis. The Sumatran rhinos are herbivorous with a preference of young tree (seedling), leaves, fruits, and shoots.The importance of knowledge about study of feed sumatran rhinos for conservationof rhino in TNWK. The purpose of the study is to identifies rhino feed on seedling growth level in the conservation zones TNWK. The research used line transect method. The first line and plot determined randomly then the next line and plots was sistematically. The observation plots had measurement with amount 2m x 2m of seedling growth level in big plot with amount 20m x 20m with spacing between plot in line 500 m with total 98 plots. The results of this study concluded that there were 28 types of seedling rhino feed which was found to be the most abundant and evenly distributed based on the important value index, are Ixora sp. is 16.73 and then Antidesma neurocarpum Miq is 14.4 and Dillenia excelsa is 10.89. Biodiversity index is 3.57 and evennes index is 0.84.

Potensi Geodiversity di Sekitar Kawasan Anak Krakatau-Way Kambas, Provinsi Lampung, Sebagai Kandidat Geopark Indonesia

The global significance of Krakatau Volcanic Complex and Way Kambas National Park is the best potential areas to be developed as part of a world heritage, particularly as UNESCO Global Geopark. Both of these objects are in the Lampung Province, Indonesia. Soon, it is necessary to identify and make an inventory of key sites that could become the theme of the area. The study of geodiversity and scientific valuation was carried out which referred to the Technical Guidelines for the Assessment of Indonesia Geological Heritage Resources, 2019. Based on these studies and assessments, there are 14 key sites to represent for Geopark Krakatau-Way Kambas themes. These sites are closely related to the evolution of tectonic activity in the Southern Sumatera as well as the dynamics of magmatism and paleovolcanism that have occurred since the Mesozoic which has signification in human history as world heritage.

Pengembangan Video Pembelajaran IPA Terpadu pada Tema Konservasi Gajah Berkarakter Peduli Lingkungan

This study aims to develop integrated science learning videos with environmental characteristics. The theme of the learning video is elephant conservation in Way Kambas National Park. The development of this learning video is expected to increase student learning motivation and in its implementation it will develop a caring character for the environment in students. This research uses the Research and Development method which includes survey methods in the process of developing learning videos. The results showed that the material expert validation was twice with the results a score of 91%, including in the very valid category. The validation of media experts was a score was 92% which was included in the very valid category. The results of the small group trial for 10 students obtained a score of 91% including in the very good category, the results of the large group trial for 30 students obtained a score of 93% including in the very good category. Based on all aspects of the assessment of the development of instructional videos carried out by material experts and media experts and trials with students, it can be concluded that the integrated science video learning product on the theme of elephant conservation with environmental care characteristics developed is suitable for use in the learning process.Keyword: environmental care, elephant conservation, learning videoABSTRAK.Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan video pembelajaran IPA terpadu yang memuat karakter peduli lingkungan. Tema video pembelajaran yang dikembangkan adalah konservasi gajah di Taman Nasional Way Kambas. Pengembangan video pembelajaran ini diharapkan mampu meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa dan pada implementasinya akan menumbuhkan karakter siswa untuk peduli lingkungan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Research and Development yang memuat metode survei dalam proses pengembangan video pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa validasi ahli materi dilakukan 2 kali dengan diperoleh skor 91% termasuk dalam kategori sangat valid. Validasi ahli media dilakukan sebanyak dua kali dan diperoleh skor akhir 92% termasuk dalam kategori sangat valid. Hasil ujicoba kelompok kecil kepada 10 orang siswa diperoleh skor 91% yang tergolong dalam kategori sangat baik, hasil uji coba kelompok besar kepada 30 orang siswa diperoleh skor 93% termasuk dalam kategori sangat baik. Berdasarkan seluruh aspek penilaian terhadap pengembangan video pembelajaran yang dilakukan oleh ahli materi dan ahli media serta uji coba kepada siswa dapat disimpulkan bahwa produk videopembelajaran IPA terpadu pada tema konservasi gajah berkarakter peduli lingkungan yang dikembangkan layak digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran.Kata kunci: peduli lingkungan, konservasi gajah, video pembelajaran

Perencanaan Drainase Berbasis Eco-Technology ditinjau dari Migrasi Ular (Studi Kasus: Suaka Rhino Sumatera, Taman Nasional Way Kambas)

ABSTRACTWay Kambas National Park (TNWK) is one of the conservation areas in Lampung Province. The National Park functions to protect, preserve various kinds of animals and conservation. Design based on Eco-Technology is an absolute requirement for the sustainability of the region. This study aims to plan Eco-Technology-based drainage from road construction in the Sumatra Rhino Sanctuary (SRS), Way Kambas National Park, with snake objects. Every infrastructure development, such as drainage, must pay attention to the lives of wild animals such as snakes. Planning starts with calculating hydrological analysis to produce a debit plan with a rational method. Analysis of snake migration is done to determine the behavior and migration of snakes. Based on the calculation results there is no flood point from the planning of cross-section D1-D8 with the width of the channel width (b) = 20 cm, water depth (h) = 14.47 cm, peak width (B) = 220 cm, cross-section = 10° and cross-section material used is soil. With the drainage concept, the migration of snakes from one span to another is not disturbed to maintain the balance of the natural ecosystem. The conclusion is that the drainage design obtained is getting sloping, so the drainage conditions are better and friendly to snakes.Keywords: Eco-Technology, drainage, conservation, Way Kambas National Park, snake migrationABSTRAKTaman Nasional Way Kambas (TNWK) merupakan satu diantara kawasan konservasi yang berada di Provinsi Lampung. Taman Nasional berfungsi untuk melindungi, melestarikan berbagai macam satwa dan konservasi. Desain yang berbasis Eco-Technology merupakan syarat mutlak untuk keberlanjutan kawasan itu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merencanakan drainase berbasis Eco-Technology dari suatu pembangunan jalan di Suaka Rhino Sumatera (SRS), Taman Nasional Way Kambas dengan objek ular. Setiap pembangunan Infrastruktur seperti drainase harus memperhatikan kehidupan satwa liar seperti ular. Perencanaan dimulai dengan melakukan perhitungan analisis hidrologi untuk dapat menghasilkan debit rencana dengan metode rasional. Analisis migrasi ular dilakukan untuk mengetahui perilaku dan migrasi ular. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan tidak terdapat titik banjir dari perencanaan penampang D1-D8 dengan ukuran lebar dasar saluran (b) = 20 cm, kedalaman air (h) = 14,47 cm, lebar puncak (B) = 220 cm, kemiringan penampang = 10° dan bahan penampang yang digunakan adalah tanah. Dengan adanya konsep drainase tersebut, migrasi ular dari bentang satu ke bentang lainnya tidak terganggu sehingga dapat menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem alam. Kesimpulannya adalah desain drainase yang didapat makin landai, maka kondisi drainase makin baik dan ramah terhadap ular.Kata kunci: Eco-Technology, drainase, konservasi, Taman Nasional Way Kambas, migrasi ular