Sprachwechsel in der neuesten litauischen Migrations- und Mobilitätsliteratur

Language Change in the Most Recent Lithuanian Literature of Migration and Mobility. When discussing literary multilingualism within the Lithuanian literary scene, researchers usually refer to different groups of authors. Some were born and socialised abroad immediately after the Second World War, some left Lithuania after 1990, but producing their texts in different linguistic contexts all of them write consistently in one language, English or Lithuanian. In the most recent Lithuanian migration and mobility literature, however, one can observe examples of intra-textual bilingualism or multilingualism, which illustrate the integration problems of Lithuanian (labour) migrants into foreign societies on the one hand and the development of multiple global identities on the other. The paper examines these spreading tendencies focusing on the exemplary novel Stasys Šaltoka (2017) by Gabija Grušaitė and discussing the structure and functions of the intra-textual code-switching. The creative use of language directed against conventional linguistic purism shows that the young generation of Lithuanian authors tends to break language and cultural borders. The authors Unė Kaunaitė, Gabija Grušaitė and others show that the playful use of multilingualism can be subversive, ironic, but at the same time can highlight the problems of language dominance and thus political, social and cultural exclusion, express group mentality, identity changes, etc. The way that Lithuanian literature deals with multilingualism, expressed explicitly or implicitly, reveals the extent to which certain literary texts can be described as transcultural, in line with the current tone of European and global migration and mobility literature.

Migratismi di moda

The lexicon of immigrant writers in Italy is full of words derived from their mother tongues. Among the semantic fields most involved is undoubtedly that of fashion. We find many clothes, dresses, fabrics typical of the areas of emigration to Italy: Arab world, states of sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East and Asia. Some of these are attested in Italian for a long time now (burnus, fez, sari); others are very recent, in correlation with migration and the presence of immigrant communities in Italy. The term ‘migratismo’ has been proposed for this class of words. Some ‘migratismi’ have already spread in Italian and recorded in vocabularies (for example the veils of Islamic women: burqa, hijab, niqab). Their circulation has produced derived and compound words (burkini, antiburqa). Others are well detectable in the italian literature of migration, where the authors explain the meaning with a gloss or in a note. Searches in archives and databases allow to understand the real circulation of these words.

Between Privileged and Oppressed? Immigrant Labor Trajectories in Norwegian Long-Term Care

An increase in older people coupled with growing life expectancy has created a higher demand for long-term care (LTC) services in the global North. Recruitment of staff with an immigrant background has been a solution to meet this demographic challenge. Research shows that linguistic barriers and cultural differences can influence immigrant carers’ abilities to offer adequate care, while less is known about workplace training and intra-collegial support. This article explores systems and practices of training offered to new employees with immigrant backgrounds, and how the qualification process unfolds in daily work in nursing homes in Norway through an intersectional perspective focusing on the interlocking of gender, class and migrancy. The article shows that organizational conditions together with incomplete training combined with attitudes of ‘willful ignorance’ maintain privilege and oppression in these workplaces. The increased immigrant participation and their labor trajectories indicate the emergence of a new immigrant niche in the lower tiers of the LTC sector. The article contributes to the literature of migration, gender, healthcare services and labor by exploring immigrants’ situated labor experiences within changing institutional conditions in LTC.

Introduction: A Literary History of Migration, 1750–1850

The late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries are central to recent influential theories and histories of migration because they saw the rise of urbanization, industrialization, and imperial expansion in the western world. Yet, despite the centrality of the wanderer and exile as a figure in Romantic literature, there is relatively little work on the literature of migration prior to the mid-nineteenth century. Literary history might seem like an odd lens through which to study migration, but this introduction contends that one of the primary means of understanding the migrant experience is through stories, whether those of historical individuals or those recounted in literary works. By focusing on the late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-centuries, this collection explores alternatives to the stories of migration as a form of either irrevocable loss or transcendent gain that crystallized later in the nineteenth century.

Restricted opportunity: the missing point in Nepali migration- discourse

Restricted opportunity is the key push-factor that compels Nepalis to leave home for job abroad. Yet it is not taken seriously in the Nepali migration-discourse. A general survey of literature of migration issues in Nepal reveals how the factor is sidelined by stakeholders of migration particularly policy makers and those who are responsible for managing the foreign employment sector. Scholars are mostly found not emphasizing the point in their academic rhetoric on migration issues. Because of this there is a trend to surround migration discussion with two themes - remittance and labor-export. Although the themes are important and relevant, they alone cannot make the migration discourse complete. Due attention should therefore be given to the restricted opportunity and all components attached to it. Journal of Advanced Academic Research, Vol. 3, No. 2, 2016 150-159

From Exilic to Mobile Identities: Colum McCann's Let the Great World Spin and the Cosmopolitanization of Contemporary Ireland

The theme of displacement and a view of exile that differs from traditional definitions of the concept and its associations with feelings of loss and nostalgia are a constant in Colum McCann's oeuvre. Images of flight and fleeing are recurrent in his work and underscore the centrality that mobility occupies in his fictional world, in which these flights are, not infrequently, a metaphorical act of escapism from material reality and physical conditioning. However, mobility in Let the Great World Spin is articulated as a characteristically twenty-first century phenomenon in its emphasis on how interconnectivity beyond differences, especially in the form of transnational exchanges, characterizes contemporary societies and shapes individual realities and identities. This essay contends that this transnational interconnectivity is not only foregrounded at the narrative level, thematically and in terms of narrative structure; McCann's tangentially framing of this novel within American post-9/11 fiction, while formally echoing an Irish literature of exile and thematically relating to an Irish literature of migration and fictions of the global, suggests the process in which new imaginative realities and identities are shaped from a cosmopolitan outlook that promotes the synergetic dialogue between national and transnational differences in the creation of a cosmopolitanized reality.