Effectiveness of Fartlek Training on Maximum Oxygen Consumption in Young Obese Females- An Experimental Study

Background: Obesity is accumulation of excessive fat in adipose tissue due to which endurance is decreased leading to negative impact on cardiovascular endurance. The prevalence of obesity in females is more than in males that is 44.7%. Obesity leads to decrease in endurance and thus negative impact on cardiovascular endurance. VO2max is common measure of cardiopulmonary fitness. Endurance training leads to increased mitochondrial activity which decreases lactic acid accumulation at given VO2 and improving performance by enhancing fat oxidation. Fartlek training is a speed play which leads to improve the endurance capacity. Thus this study was aimed to find the effectiveness of Fartlek training on maximum oxygen consumption in young obese females. Material and Methodology: 30 subjects with obesity class I (n=30) were selected in this study, with age group 18-25 years based on inclusion and exclusion criteria with their consent. Fartlek training was given 4 days per week for 5 weeks. Queens College step test was used to assess the pre and post effects of the training. Results: Fartlek training showed significant effect on maximum oxygen consumption. Mean pre queens college step test of young obese females receiving Fartlek training was 39.2. Mean post queens college step test for the same was 42.2. The mean difference pre and post queens college step up test is zero (p=0.000). Conclusion: The study concluded that there was significant effect of Fartlek training on maximum oxygen consumption in young obese females. Key words: Obesity, young females, Cardiovascular endurance, Fartlek training, Queens College step test.

JHET Interviews: Karen Vaughn

Karen Vaughn received her BA in economics from Queens College of the City Universi-ty of New York in 1966 and her PhD from Duke University in 1971. From 1978 to 2004 she taught at George Mason University. She attended some of the earliest meet-ings of the History of Economics Society (HES) and was the editor of the HES Bulletin, which was the precursor of the Journal of the History of Economic Thought. Professor Vaughn has served as the President of the History of Economics Society and the South-ern Economic Association, and was the founding President of the Society for the Ad-vancement of Austrian Economics. She has books on John Locke and on the Austrian tradition in economics, and numerous articles on a variety of topics in professional jour-nals (the list of her publications is available as an online appendix to this interview).

The Economic Impact of Globalization and Internationalization on Minority Immigrant Graduates

Globalization facilitates organizational expansion overseas and global workforce challenges. The key may be to understand which labor force characteristics increase economic efficiency. In turn, higher education institutions may need to incorporate industry's need for international interaction into strategic visions. Evidence-based research was conducted using Queens College, the City University of New York, as a case study to understand how internationalization of higher education enhanced economic success of minority immigrant graduates in the United States who were employed across industries. Primary sources included a survey of 524 alumni and group discussions with diverse undergraduates. The results discovered that the employment status and wage, of minority immigrant graduates, were positively impacted when they were exposed to globalized curriculums. This indicates that specific pre-labor market attributes increase economic success of this community and produce international scholars who transfer experiences into career skills that positively impact multinational businesses.

Conversations with Michael J. Prichard: the Fun of Legal History and the Triumph of Research Over Administration

Michael Prichard was born before the Second World War and lived through the bombing and destruction of much of London. When he entered university in 1945, King's College London had reoccupied its old quarters in the badly-damaged Somerset House, and along with LSE and UCL had pooled teaching resources to overcome staff shortages and accommodation damage. This inadvertently gave Michael a rich pool of mentors upon which to found his career, and who served him well in later years. He entered Queens’ College Cambridge in 1948 and experienced the unique post-war phenomena of the “returning warriors”, which continued, along with the “weekenders”, when he became a fellow at Gonville & Caius in 1950. Here he has remained, and is still a Fellow, seventy years later. His legacy is a fund of memories of a life-long journey through changing landscapes of legal research, teaching, and college and faculty administration. Lesley Dingle first interviewed Michael for the Eminent Scholars Archive in 2012, where his biography and general academic reminiscences are set forth. She now revisits aspects of these, following a conversation she had with David Yale for ESA in November 2019. David was Michael's career-long colleague, and his interview shone new light on their decades of joint endeavour unravelling the development of maritime law in the British Isles. Shortly after David's reminder of the magnitude of their project, an encounter with Professor David Ibbetson, and most recently a meeting with Michael, now in his 93rd year, spurred the author on to summarise particular aspects of Michael's varied research projects. In the process, she will emphasise the overall sense of adventure, and enjoyment - in short “fun”, with which he explored the history and jurisdictional intricacies of the Admiralty Court (jointly with David Yale), presented his enlightened insights into the evolution of aspects of tort law, and explained his research of the few esoteric conundrums in which a retiree was able to indulge.

Dịch chuyển - Dạy và học số 23

Nạn dịch đã tạm lùi lại phía sau, để lại cho loài người câu hỏi cấp thiết về việc kiến tạo một tương lai bền vững. Trong số 23 của Dạy&Học với chủ đề Đương đầu với khủng hoảng, Ban biên tập Lộn Xộn đã tuyển lựa bài viết về nhiều vấn đề giáo dục cốt yếu và ý kiến của những nhà giáo dục uy tín bốn phương. “Chúng ta mất gì khi chuyển từ lớp học trực tiếp sang Zoom?” - biến cố toàn cầu thúc đẩy con người suy nghĩ nghiêm túc hơn về xu hướng chuyển dịch sang các nền tảng học tập online. Bài viết của Phó giáo sư ngành Nhân học ở Queens College chỉ ra rằng công nghệ có ưu thế về thời gian và khoảng cách, nhưng cũng lấy đi một số yếu tố quan trọng trong giao tiếp người-người. Vậy làm thế nào để dạy học online hiệu quả? Chúng ta có thể hiểu hơn và đưa ra phương án cho mình khi xem xét kĩ lưỡng “Các yếu tố cấu thành một bài học trực tuyến”.Trong giáo dục từ xa, tính chủ động của người học càng được nhấn mạnh. “Cá nhân hóa việc học và xây dựng quyền tự quyết bằng 4 câu hỏi PLC” là một đề xuất quan trọng trong việc biến giảng dạy thành quá trình đồng kiến tạo của giáo viên và học sinh. Chuyên mục Học thế nào còn đề cập đến sáng kiến “Dạy học sinh trung học cách trẻ nhỏ học thế nào” như là một cách để hỗ trợ phụ huynh trong tương lai. Ngay cả khi những người tham gia không trở thành cha mẹ, xã hội sẽ tốt hơn nếu tất cả các thành viên hiểu cách hỗ trợ trẻ học sớm. Bên cạnh bức tranh chung về “Những đặc điểm của giảng viên thành công”, các bài “Ứng dụng kỹ thuật Phản tư trong giảng dạy”, “Làm sao để tạo ra một cộng đồng học tập chuyên nghiệp?”, “Chơi để học” chính là những gợi ý cụ thể mà các thầy cô giáo có thể áp dụng ngay trong từng tiết học. Cuối cùng, chuyên mục các Frameworks Giáo dục vẫn tiếp tục giới thiệu Khung Năng lực Học tập Xã hội và Cảm xúc IRC được phát triển bởi Ủy ban Cứu hộ Quốc tế cho các trường hợp khẩn cấp.

History of Universities

This issue of the history of universities contains, as usual, an interesting mix of learned articles and book reviews covering topics related to the history of higher education. The volume combines original research and reference material. This issue includes articles on the topics of Alard Palenc; Joseph Belcher and Latin at Harvard; Queens College in Massachusetts; and university reform in Europe. The text includes a review essay as well as the usual book reviews.

‘To Promote Religion and Learning and Piety’: The Failure of Queens College, Hampshire County, Massachusetts, Revisited

This chapter details how, in the early 1760s, Hampshire magnates promoted a bold new educational project to found a college in Hampshire County. However, it was the clergy of northern Hampshire County who took the first formal steps to secure a college even though their initial efforts and ongoing support have been overshadowed in subsequent accounts by Israel Williams' ubiquitous presence. The ambition to establish a western counterpart to Harvard probably had been germinating for some time in the Williams family, and the leader in this new clerical enterprise was evidently the Rev. Jonathan Ashley of Deerfield, who certainly belonged to the Williams connection. These Hampshire clergy, particularly the leaders such as Ashley, were conservative, Stoddardian ‘Old Light’ Calvinists who, like Israel Williams and other lay persons, had supported the ouster of Jonathan Edwards from his Northampton pulpit in 1750 and who, in Kevin Sweeney's words, ‘found Harvard too liberal and Yale too susceptible to the New Divinity’. Queens College was conceived as the institutional expression of this distinctive and highly-conservative regional society within the Bay Province.