Formation of architectural environment in modern museum complexes

The work considers the external factors influencing the architectural environment of modern museums: new technologies and ways of delivering visual information; changing the consciousness of a “consumer” of the museum space; the presence of functions and public spaces “competing” with the museum. The work describes the structural (basic) components of the architectural expositions in museum complexes. Based on the analysis of the Russian and foreign museums, the promising trends and approaches to the creation of the architectural environment in modern museums are identified: 1) polyfunctionality; 2) transition from the “museum-temple” model to the “museum-show” model; 3) boundary merging between interior and exterior; 4) scenario and functional approach to the exhibition environment. Based on the data obtained, it possible to create a model of the integrated approach to the architectural environment in a modern museum complex.

Social Marketing

Social marketing as a concept was developed in the 1970s to help improve overall society and to bring about positive social changes. The concept of social marketing was first presented by Zaltman, Kotler, and Kaufman, in their 1972 book, Creating Social Change. This paper addresses the role of social marketing with specific examples of how social marketing associated with educational research can be applied to school libraries. Social marketing is based on general marketing principles and strategies aimed at selling products and services to consumers but with the purpose of improving society by providing socially relevant information; changing existing actions; and improving individual or group behaviors, attitudes or beliefs; and reinforcing desired behaviors. Since the 1970s, social marketing has been used widely in the United States to promote a variety of pro-social behaviors including: reducing smoking, reducing drug abuse, preventing heart disease, promoting contraceptive use, and promoting organ donation. In recent years the U.S. government has used social marketing to encourage enrollment in the controversial Affordable Health Care program. These marketing approaches are theoretically encased in well-conceived educational and public information programs and management. This paper will provide examples of social marketing research methods and results as used by the presenter in school and public libraries youth services. The paper will likewise highlight resources helpful to school librarians in designing and implementing social marketing strategies.

A comparative study of information change in translation of nonfiction literature

The present paper compares translations from Russian into Finnish, Swedish, and English of a work of political non-fiction, Всякремлевскаярать: КраткаяисториясовременнойРоссии(lit. All the Kremlin men: A short history of contemporary Russia) by Mikhail Zygar (2016a) and investigates the use of information change as a translation strategy. Information change covers addition and omission of non-inferable content, used either separately or sequentially (i.e. addition following omission resulting in substitution). De Metsenaere’s and Vandepitte’s (2017) notions of addition and omission are applied. The study shows that the translations into Finnish and Swedish exhibit similarly infrequent use of information changing strategies while the English translation appears more liberal in their use. Possible reasons for the additions, omissions, substitutions, and their effects are discussed, as is the potential impact of the English translations on translation norms

Image versus Information: Changing Societal Norms and Optimal Privacy

We analyze the costs and benefits of using social image to foster desirable behaviors. Each agent acts based on his intrinsic motivation, private assessment of the public good, and reputational concern for appearing prosocial. A Principal sets the general degree of privacy, observes the social outcome, and implements a policy: investment, subsidy, law, etc. Individual visibility reduces free riding but makes aggregate behavior (“descriptive norm”) less informative about societal preferences (“prescriptive norm”). We derive the level of privacy (and material incentives) that optimally trades off social enforcement and learning, and we characterize its variations with the economy’s stochastic and informational structure. (JEL D82, D83, D91, Z13)

THE ABILITY PROBLEM POSING STUDENTS POST-SOLUTION MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS BASED ON DIFFERENCES IN LEARNING STYLE

The problem posing ability is making new questions and answers from previous information. Post-solutionis modifing a condition of problem solved to submit a new problem. Learning styles in this research is in theform of visual, auditory, and kinesthetic. This descriptive research examines the ability of students to postproblem solutions based on differences in learning style involving 10 visual’s students, 12 auditory’sstudents, 9 kinesthetic’s students. Analysis of data in this research is the data reduction, data presentation,and drawing conclusions. Test material of the test is cubes. The results of the study show that ability problemsof student with visual learning styles in the form of problems that can be solved is shown clear information,changing, varying, restating, and grouping in accordance with information about previous questions, directand indirect answers are arranged in detail, language structure questions in the form of assignment andconditional propositions are shown clear commands, difficulty of easy and moderate difficulty levels inquestion answer. The ability to submit students’ problems in auditory learning styles in the form of problemsthat can be solved is shown clear information, changing, varying, and restating in accordance withinformation about previous questions, direct and indirect answers according to the systematic, assignmentand conditional propositions according clear problem commands, easy and moderate difficulty levels onquestion answer. The ability to propose problems of kinesthetic learning styles of students in the form ofquestions can be solved by manipulating the conditions of the problem, changing, varying, and restarting bymanipulating the previous problem, direct and indirect answers according to clear command, assignment andconditional propositions by manipulating the command of the questions , difficulties are easy and moderatearranged in detail.

“New Literacy” and “New Wave” of Language Policy in Japan

The concept of literacy has undergone changes from the simple possession of writing and reading skills to functional literacy, which includes many aspects (informational, financial, etc.). All together, this can be called the concept of “new literacy”, or the “concept of competencies”. In Japan, modern Japanese writing presents a significant problem, combining several writing scripts. The basis of functional literacy is the ability to use approximately 2,000 characters. However, the discriminated sections of the population, ethnic minorities, people with disabilities, foreigners and “new migrants” do not reach the required level of literacy. Under these conditions, a “new literacy” strategy has emerged that offers to recognize that there are different levels of literacy. The concept of “Plain Japanese Language” was created as a means of access to information and socialization for all segments of the population of Japan. People with disabilities need to be provided opportunities for basic access to information and participation in public life. The theory of alternative literacy also sets a certain bar, only lowers it much lower, covering practically all segments of the Japanese population. Japanese writing acts as a cultural tool for the daily life of the Japanese. Mastering all aspects of functional literacy is a difficult and inevitable burden for young people in Japan. From this perspective, literacy in Japan is a cultural resource that can lead to social exclusion and discrimination. Considering literacy in the context of publicly available information, changing the existing paradigm of “violence by literacy,” is a new and welcome approach. There is an increase in academic interest in socially-driven diverse language communities in Japan and beyond. This led to changes in the language policy of Japan, called the “New Wave”.

Diabetes patient’s pharmacovigilance knowledge and risk perception: the influence of being part of a patient organisation

Objective: The aim was to assess the perception of risk for developing adverse drug reaction (ADRs) and knowledge, attitudes and opinions regarding pharmacovigilance in diabetic patients, and to investigate the effect of being a member of a patient organisation for diabetes on these factors, in comparison with other patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study looking for patients’ risk perception of experiencing ADRs. Diabetes patients followed at the Portuguese Diabetes Association (APDP) were included, together with two comparison groups (patients with and without diabetes). Kruskal-Wallis followed by post hoc Dunn’s multiple-comparison test were used to compare patients’ groups. Results: A total of 314 patients participated in the survey (104 followed at APDP, 106 with diabetes not followed at APDP and 104 without diabetes diagnosis that used chronic medication). APDP patients presented higher risk perception scores for medicines related to their disease compared with two groups. Those patients affirmed that doctors explained possible ADRs on medication to them, and showed higher intention to report ADRs in the future if serious or unexpected. Conclusions: Patients with diabetes showed greater understanding of ADRs and higher need to report them than patients without diabetes. They would like to have more information about general ADRs related to anti-diabetic medication and present higher intention to acquire information on how and when to report compared with non-diabetic patients. Patients followed in APDP presented higher score of risk perception, which could be influenced by the presence of the diabetes disease in the patients’ life, by their previous experiences using medicines, but also by information received from the patient organisation. The two groups of patients with diabetes have different experiences of the disease, but both present higher perception of side effects related with medicines they use respectively in their diabetes type. Hence, patient organisations are well positioned to be a source where patients can obtain reliable information, changing their attitudes and perceptions about the disease and drug treatments.