Predictors of nurse's happiness: a systematic review

Objective An acute shortage of nurses exists all over the world. Part of this shortage appears to be due to nurses’ low job satisfaction, low retention, and high turnover. Happiness at work is identified as a contributing factor that determines the shortage of nurses across the world. This paper critically appraised the existing scientific articles that assessed the individual and organizational predictors of happiness among nurses. Methods The systematic review was conducted from August 2010 to August 2020 using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Scientific articles were searched in the electronic databases (Scopus, Medline, CINAHL, PsychINFO, and Pubmed Central) on the predictors of happiness among nurses. Results A total of 13 articles were selected following the literature search and a thematic analysis was done. This review provides updated evidence on the predictors of nurses’ happiness. Job-related predictors were identified as organizational predictors; and personal, psychological, family, social, and spiritual predictors were reported to be the individual predictors. Conclusions As both individual and organizational predictors determine the happiness of nurses, the authors recommend the need for future interventional studies to increase the nurses’ happiness, their mental health, and health-related quality of life.

Psychological and Spiritual Predictors of Domains of Functioning and Effectiveness of Short-Term Missionaries

The present study investigated how psychopathology, current object relations, and spiritual development relate to short-term missionary performance and psychological distress. Forty short-term missionaries completed questionnaires measuring psychopathology, object relations, and spirituality before going overseas. Participants and their supervisors completed questionnaires assessing performance and psychological distress before returning home. Principle components analyses revealed three self-report performance factors and four supervisorreport performance factors. Zero-order correlations showed that having greater psychological symptomatology, greater conflict with authority, more social alienation, less satisfying relationships with peers, overly dependent relationships, and greater disappointment and instability in relationship with God were related to less effective performance. Partial correlations also showed that having greater psychological symptomatology was related to increased psychological distress. It was concluded that short-term missionaries' levels of psychopathology, object relations development, and spiritual development influence their effectiveness and psychological adjustment on the mission field.