Process safety challenges of CO2 sequestration

Sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO2) is an increasingly popular method of reducing the environmental impact of natural gas and blue hydrogen development projects. While the hazards associated with natural gas processing are well understood, high pressure CO2 presents unique challenges which must be overcome by designers to make sequestration a safe and practical option. Many of these hazards are ultimately due to the CO2 phase envelope. Compression of CO2 for injection into a reservoir can involve the creation of a dense phase fluid, which shares some of the properties of both liquid and gas. Upset conditions can also create either liquid or solid CO2. These can create unforeseen consequences such as potential blockage and overpressure of vent piping, condensation and freezing of free water and inaccurate level transmitter readings. Further, the partial pressures of CO2 involved mean that corrosion rates for any carbon steel exposed in the presence of free water may be as high as 1mm per week. These safety challenges and potential solutions to them will be explored in this study.

Sistem Monitoring Kedalaman Dan Kekeruhan Air Berbasis Internet Of Things

Abstrak: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan terdapat masalah yang ditemukan yaitu pada saat proses penggecekan kedalaman dan kekeruhan kualitas air masih menggunakan sistem secara manual yang melibatkan peran karyawan dalam melakukan proses penggecekannya dengan menggunakan alat turbidity meter dan level transmitter. Oleh sebab itu peneliti memberikan masukkan dan saran untuk proses penggecekan kedalaman dan kekeruhan air tersebut menggunakan sensor dalam mendapatkan hasil penggecekannya dan sistem berbasis internet of things untuk memonitoring hasil dari sensor yang digunakan. Lalu hasil dari prosesnya dapat dimonitoring langsung kedalam platform website. Didalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode logika fuzzy logic untuk memprogram perangkat kerasnya dan hasil monitoringnya menggunakan website dengan framework codeigneter. Yang bertujuan untuk membangun sistem monitoring penggecekan kedalaman dan kekeruhan kualitas air secara otomatis menggunakan sensor ultrasonic dan sensor turbidity. Kata kunci: fuzzy logic, internet of things, sensor turbidity, sensor ultrasonic, sistem monitoring Abstract: Based on the results of the research conducted, there were problems found that when the process of checking the depth and turbidity of water quality was still using a manual system that involved the role of employees in carrying out the checking process using a turbidity meter and level transmitter. Therefore, researchers provide input and suggestions for the process of checking the depth and turbidity of the water using sensors to get the results of checking and an internet of things based system to monitor the results of the sensors used. Then the results of the process can be monitored directly into the website platform. In this research, the writer uses fuzzy logic logic method to program the hardware and the monitoring results use a website with codeigneter framework. Which aims to build a monitoring system for checking the depth and turbidity of water quality automatically using ultrasonic sensors and turbidity sensors.. Keywords: fuzzy logic, internet of things, monitoring systems, turbidity sensors, ultrasonic sensors

A Circuit-Level Implementation of Voltage-Tuning Scheme for Realizing Optical PAM-4 Using Three-Segment Microring Modulator

Silicon Photonics, as one of the solutions to satisfy ever-increasing data bandwidth growth, becomes more challenging due to the latest technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT). Higher order pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) schemes is one of the answers to push towards higher data transmission in the presence of bandwidth limited optical devices. In this paper, we have implemented a circuit-level PAM-4 transmitter design based on the voltage-tuning scheme for realizing optical PAM-4 using a three-segment microring modulator. Simulation results based on the extracted layout using TSMC 65nm LP technology and IMEC-ePIXfab SiPhotonics ISIPP50G technology show that our proposed circuit-level transmitter structure is able to achieve PAM-4 data rate of 25-Gb/s with extinction ratio of 9dB and PAM-4 energy efficiency of 0.5pJ/bit. The results also verify that the scheme is able to achieve high tuning flexibility, but the proposed transmitter will consume more power as a result.

Analysis on the Commercial Grade Items Dedication of Emergency Diesel Generator Set Level Transmitter

Commercial grade items dedication provides an in-depth analysis of key characteristics of commercial grade items. Technical acceptance of commercial grade items dedication is targeted. Commercial grade items dedication can improve the quality control level of nuclear power plant equipment and effectively compensate for the deficiencies in the process control and quality uncertainties. This article sorts out the differences between ISO9001 and HAF003 and RCC-E requirements, and analyzes the document system, work process, key characteristics, acceptance methods and evaluation process of the commercial grade items dedication of the emergency diesel generator set liquid level transmitter.