Use of antioxidants and time of cold storage: effects over viability parameters and enzymatic levels in semen of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792).

The cold storage of milt implies potentials alterations in its quality because the storage generates as main process, free radicals that produce spermatozoa membrane lipids damage with the consequent motility and fertilising capacity disruptions. To decrease the damage generated by free radicals the cells have antioxidant defences (proteins, enzymes, and low molecular weight substances). The objective of the present study evaluated the time storage effect and different antioxidants prepared in spermatic diluents on sperm viability of O. mykiss milt stored at 4°C. The two-way ANOVA denoted that the time storage and antioxidant influence have significant effects separated or combined on viability parameters (sperm motility and viability, proteins concentrations and superoxide dismutase enzymatic activity in seminal plasma). In contrast, only the storage time affected the fertilising capacity and catalase enzymatic activity in seminal plasma. The resulting analysis can conclude that the antioxidant presence improves the viability of cold stored milt, especially the transport conditions and the antioxidants allow the fecundity despite motility decrease.

Algorithm to Compute Urban Road Network Resilience

Road network resilience is emerging as a vital planning criterion. Yet, unique and cross-comparable indices for road network resilience are scarce. One of the recent approaches determines resilience as a unique network attribute based on the system travel time at an upper envelope of operable disruptions. This upper envelope represents ‘critical states’ (or tipping points) of capacity disruptions. Critical state gives a bounding capacity degradation vector, beyond which the network cannot wholly cater to the origin–destination demand even under the best possible traffic assignment. However, solving the critical state identification problem (CSP) on real-scale networks has remained a challenge. This paper presents a weighted fictitious play algorithm to fill this gap. CSP has been previously envisaged as a two-player game between a network attacker and a network defender. Here, we make the players play iteratively, and make them learn from the competitor’s past strategies so that they converge to an equilibrium. We illustrate the method on a simple toy network, and solve it on different real-life networks. Resilience of the Anaheim city network was computed in 42.8 min., considerably outperforming—both in problem-size and solution-time—the previous, two-space genetic algorithm.