The Impact of Smoking Risk Factors During Pandemic COVID-19

Background: Based on world health organization, the smoking is a reason of death five–six cases per annum. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the age, marital, education, employment, smoking and social statuses on gender in Bahrain population. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, two group: male and female comparative by using questionnaire distributed randomly and collected data to be analyzed via SPSS program. Results: In age status, the female found to be below 30 years whereas the male is above 30 years. In marital status, the single, divorced and widow female found to be more in whereas the married male is more than married female. In education status, the Primary, intermediate and secondary male student found to be more whereas the college female student is more. In employment status, the Employed and Retired status found to be more in male whereas the Employment scholarship program, unemployed and Housewife found to be more in female. In Smoke status, the Smoking duration found to be more in female below 10 years whereas the Smoking duration found to be more male above 10 years. Also, the female Smoker consume found to be more below 20 cigarettes whereas male Smoker consume found to be more above 20 cigarettes. Conclusion: most smokers in both are between 21 to 30 years, college students and employees. Therefore, there are serious age, education and employment phase in both gender life

The Predictive Model of Citizens’ Attitudes About the Risks of Introducing the Death Penalty in the Legal System: A Case Study of Serbia

This paper presents the results of quantitative research regarding the predictive model of citizens' attitudes about the risks of introducing the death penalty in the Republic of Serbia legal system. The research was conducted with the use of a questionnaire that was requested and then collected online from 427 people in June 2021. A multivariate regression analysis was used, identifying the extent to total scores of the main dependent variables (introducing the death penalty; trust in the legal system; advantages of introduction; disadvantages of introduction scores) were associated with five demographic and socio-economic variables: gender, marital, education, income, and age. We tested the central hypothesis of which gender is predicting variables citizens' attitudes about the risks of introducing the death penalty in the legal system of Serbia. The findings revealed that gender and educational level were the most effective predictors of the research variables under question. The majority of respondents support the introduction of the death penalty and the most important predictor of disadvantages of introducing the death penalty in the legal system is age. Based on the findings that there are major differences in the citizens' attitudes about the risks of introducing the death penalty in the legal system, policies, strategies, and regulations must take into account these very important findings.

Assistance in marriage legal consultation

The purpose of marriage is to create a sakinah, mawaddah wa rahmah household. For this reason, the KKS PDA of Malang City strives to contribute to the community towards a sakinah family. This activity is carried out using legal consultation methods through dialogue, presentation of marriage cases by clients, and exposure of legal rules of marriage. Based on the legal consultations’ activity, in order to minimize the occurrence of divorce cases, households need a strong religious foundation. Therefore, the KKS PDA of Malang City also organizes supporting activities in the form of pre-marital education, maternal schools and elderly education

Does Health Insurance Affect the Completeness of Antenatal Care?

The antenatal treatment has been ineffective in reducing maternal mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to examine health insurance effect on Indonesia's antenatal care quality. The 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey data were processed. Moreover, a sample size of 15,351 participants was selected using the analysis unit of study for women aged 15 to 49. In the final stage, Binary Logistic Regression was used, while other variables examined besides antenatal treatment included health insurance, residence, age, marital, education, parity, and wealth. Based on the complete category of antenatal care visits, women that did antenatal care visits were ≥ four, occupied by both types of health insurance ownership. The multivariable analysis indicated that health insurance ownership affects antenatal care completeness as insured women were 1.394 times higher than uninsured women (OR= 1.394; 95% CI= 1.257-1.546). Result showed other determinant variables, namely age, education, parity, and wealth were also found. In conclusion, health insurance gives Indonesian women a better possibility of receiving complete antenatal care.

Educational Assortative Mating and Health: A Study in Chinese Internal Migrants

Previous studies have shown that marriage is related with people’s health. Based on data from the Volume A of China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS_A) in 2017 (N = 127,829), this study attempted to document the degree of educational assortative mating in Chinese internal migrants, as well as how it evolves over time, and further analyze the relationship between educational assortative mating and people’s self-rated health (SRH). The results indicated that the proportion of educational homogamy kept increasing and gradient marriage kept decreasing over time both in male and female. “Educational homogamy” (58.8%) and “male more educated” (27.2%) were still the main marital education matching patterns in first-married couples of Chinese internal migrants. Educational homogamy was beneficial to promote people’s SRH and educational hypogamy would impair their SRH, and the negative effects of educational hypogamy on SRH was stronger in female than in male. The gender equality of educational opportunities increases the degree of educational assortative mating in Chinese internal migrants. Educational attainment is playing a more and more important role in “love” marriages. “Likes attract likes” is not just about love, but also an important part of health.

The Determinant of Smoking Behaviour Among Female Worker in Southeast Asia: A Case Study Among The Philippines and Indonesian

Background The prevalence of tobacco use in Southeast Asia communities is 56% which 15% of them are female active smokers. Several studies explain that working status, neighborhood, marital status, and education are factors that cause smoking behavior in women. A scientific study is needed to obtain valid assumptions regarding the relationship of these determinants. This study aimed to analyze the determinant of smoking behavior among female workers in the Philippines and Indonesia. Methods The data is processed from 2017 PDHS and use female workers in the Philippines and Indonesia as the study population. The sample size is 11,375 female workers in the Philippines and 26,712 female workers in Indonesia. Apart from smoking behavior as the dependent variable, other variables analyzed were the place of residence, age, marital, education, parity, currently pregnant, and wealth status. The analysis in the final stage uses binary logistic regression. Results The results show that female workers in both countries from urban areas have a higher likelihood of becoming smokers than those who live in rural areas. Age group is finding as one of the smoking behavior determinants among female workers in both countries. Female workers with long-distance marriage and married / living with a partner have a lower probability of becoming a smoker than those who have marital status in the widowed/divorced category. Education level and parity are also finding as one of the smoking behavior determinants among them. Meanwhile, pregnancy found to be a protective factor for them to become a smoker. Finally, the multivariate test results found that wealth status is also a determinant of smoking behavior for female workers in both countries. Conclusions It was concluded that the seven variables analyzed are the determinants of smoking behavior among female workers in the Philippines and Indonesia. The seven variables are type of place, age, marital, education, parity, pregnancy, and wealth status.

Socioeconomic Disparities of Low Birth Weight in Rural Indonesia

Background: Poverty is estimated to increase a mother's chances of giving birth to a low birth weight baby (LBW). Objective: This study aimed to analyze the socioeconomic disparities of LBW in rural Indonesia.Methods: Mother aged 15-49 years old who had given birth in the last 5 years in rural Indonesia was used as the unit of analysis. With stratification and multistage random sampling found 19,283 mothers were sampled. The variables analyzed included LBW, socioeconomic, age, marital, education, employment, and antenatal care (ANC). The binary logistic regression test was used at the final stage to determine the existence of disparities.Results: The results show that the mother with the poorer wealth status was 0.686 times more likely than the poorest mother to give birth to an LBW baby. Mothers with middle wealth status were 0.688 times more likely than the poorest mothers to give birth to LBW babies. Mothers with richer wealth status were 0.621 times more likely than the poorest mothers to give birth to LBW babies. Finally, the richest mothers were 0.452 times more likely than the poorest mothers to give birth to LBW babies. The results of this analysis inform that the better the socioeconomic of mothers, the lower the likelihood of giving birth to LBW babies. Apart from socioeconomics, the analysis also found two other predictors of LBW in rural Indonesia, namely education level and ANC visits.Conclusion: It was concluded that there were socioeconomic disparities of LBW in rural Indonesia.

دور الجامعات في اكتساب طلبة كليات التربية لمبادئ التربية الزواجية في محافظات غزة في ضوء الكتاب والسنة

ملخص: هدفت الدراسة إلى الكشف عن دور الجامعات في اكتساب طلبة كليات التربية لمبادئ التربية الزواجية في محافظات غزة في ضوء الكتاب والسنة, ولتحقيق هذا الهدف استخدم الباحثان منهج الدراسة الذي يمكنهما من تفسير الأحداث، وتحليل مضمونها؛ ولذلك اعتمدا على تحليل المضمون من المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، واستخدما أداة البحث وهي عبارة عن استبانة مكونة من (35) بنداً، وأبرز النتائج أشارت إلى أن نسبة دور الجامعات في اكتساب طلبة كليات التربية لمبادئ التربية الزواجية في محافظات غزة في ضوء الكتاب والسنة بلغت (79,29%) وهو مستوى عال. ولا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية لدور الجامعات في اكتساب طلبة كليات التربية لمبادئ التربية الزواجية في محافظات غزة في ضوء الكتاب والسنة تبعاً لمتغير الجنس, وتبعاً لمتغير المستوى الدراسي وتبعاً لمتغير مكان السكن. بينما يوجد فروق فردية تبعا لمتغير الجامعة لصالح الجامعة الإسلامية. وفي ضوء نتائج الدراسة، يوصي الباحثان بتفعيل دور الجامعات في ترسيخ مفاهيم الحياة الزواجية السعيدة. الكلمات المفتاحية: دور الجامعات – اكتساب الطلبة- التربية الزواجية. Abstract The role of universities in acquiring students of faculties of education for the principles of marital education in the governorates of Gaza in light of the Quran and Sunnah This study aimed to reveal The role of universities in acquiring students of faculties of education for the principles of marital education in the governorates of Gaza in light of the Quran and Sunnah. To achieve this goal, the researchers used a study approach that enables them to interpret the events and analyze their content. Therefore, they relied on the analytical descriptive approach and used a questionnaire as a researching tool consisting of 35 items. The most prominent results indicated that the percentage of the extent to which the students of the education faculties in the universities of the Gaza Strip governorates acquire the principles of marital education as stated in Quran and Sunnah reached 79,29%, which is a high level. There are no statistically significant differences in the extent to which the students of the education faculties in the universities of the Gaza Strip governorates acquire the principles of marital education as stated in Quran and Sunnah according to the gender variable, level variable and place of residence. There are statistically significant differences the according to the university variable in favor of Islamic University. In light of the study results, the researchers recommend activating the family role in establishing the concepts of happy marriage life. They propose making a study on marital education from an Islamic perspective. Keywords: Role of universities – Acquiring students – Marital Education

Future Brides’ and Grooms’ Understandings of the Terms Talak and Khulu’

It is a common thing that future brides and grooms have special preparation prior to their marriage. One of them is premarital education which aims to equip them with knowledge of what their rights and obligations are in order to maintain the longevity of their marriage. Among the knowledge that every future bride and groom must have is an understanding of the terms talak and khulu’’, so it is expected that the couple do not play around using those two terms. The study is intended to examine the views of prospective brides’ and groom’s registered in the Office of Religious Affairs (KUA) in Medan about the terms talak and khulu’. Specifically, this study aims to investigate whether they understand the literal and the accurate meanings of the terminology as well as the consequences of the use of the terms talak and khulu’’. Using a descriptive qualitative method, it was found that there are still many future brides and grooms registered in KUA in Medan, who have not fundamentally understood the terms. it could be concluded from this finding that the understandings of future brides and grooms in Medan about the terms talak and khulu’’ are not sufficient, therefore, this study recommends that there is a need to add material about the two terms into pre-marital education conducted by KUA. In addition, it is also necessary to confirm the understanding of the future brides and grooms through a post-marital education examination.