PROMISING TECHNOLOGY FOR REMOVAL AND DISPOSAL OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE FROM FUEL OIL

The presence of hydrogen sulfide in fuel oil is a danger, since hydrogen sulfide is concentrated in the gas phase of tanks, vessels and tanks truck that when carrying out operations of drainage-fulness can lead to an excess of its MAC in air and to the creation of explosive mixtures. The concentration of H2S in fuel oil produced at refineries is 20-500 ppm, while its content in commercial fuel is limited to 10 ppm. Analytical methods of definition of concentration of a hydrogen sulfide in oil products are considered. Industrial and promising technologies for reducing H2S in fuel oil, their main merits and demerits are presented. The possibilities of low-energy wave technologies in the refinement of petroleum and oil products and mechanisms of action of ultrasound and constant magnetic field on oil disperse systems are shown. The hydrogen sulfide extracted from fuel oil neither on volumes, nor on concentration can't be used as independent raw materials for processing into elemental sulfur in the Claus process and is a toxic by-product. At the same time, hydrogen sulfide-containing wastes can serve as valuable raw materials for the production of wide range of useful organic compounds (antioxidants, drugs, pesticides, fungicides) in electrochemical processes. In processes of low-tonnage chemistry, electrochemical processes are relevant. As a result of anode or cathode activation of a hydrogen sulfide (alkanethiols) at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure the thiyl (alkylthiyl) radical is formed. Along with products of a thiolation of organic compounds are formed also mono - di - and the trisulphides having higher biological activity and lower toxiferous in comparison with thiols. The competitiveness of electrosynthesis is very high, it is considered as processes of waste-free production as at the heart of it ecologically focused idea of "green chemistry" is concluded.

Fractal structures in oil disperse systems// Journal of Technical and Natural Sciences 5(14), 2019/ RELF Group & OEAPS Inc.(Open European Academy of Public Sciences); Chief Editor Vitaly Yakovlev- Berlin, Germany. 26.09.2019: OEAPS Inc., 2019. - PP. 9-15.

The introduction of modern nanotechnology is poorly developed in the oil industry. This is due to the lack of fundamental knowledge about the structure and kinetics of oil disperse systems (ODS). The task of managing the properties of ODS at all stages can no longer be solved by traditional knowledge of the elemental, group, fractional and chemical composition of the oil produced. The use of the fractal theory of the structure of the ODS arising at the interface of physics, physical chemistry, modeling and programming can be very effective for solving scientific and applied problems.

TRANSFORMATION OF SHORT-CHAIN n-ALKANES UNDER TREATMENT OF HYDRODYNAMIC CAVITATION

The structure and properties of oil disperse systems (ODS) are mainly determined by the presence of paraffin hydrocarbons (n-alkanes) in the crude oil and natural gas liquid. Short-chain n-alkanes (С8-С17) are part of ODS dispersion medium. Under oil refining treatment, they concentrate in the distillate fractions and influence the operation characteristics of product liquid fuels and natural gas liquid.We studied the influence of hydrodynamic cavitation on the short-chain n-alkanes. Cavitation was produced by a high pressure disintegrator DA-1. A plunger pump produced compression pressure 50 MPa. Cavitation treatment was applied three times in a row. The research object was liquid oil paraffin containing 96.5% wt. n-alkanes С9-С21 (including 95% wt. С9-С17) and 2.5% wt. isoalkanes С10-С20; the balance was a mixture of other hydrocarbons. The results of GLC demonstrated that the total conversion of initial n-alkanes С14-С17 was not high, but it grew growing constantly: after the 1st cavitation cycle - 1.4%, after the 2nd cavitation cycle - 2.7%, after the 3rd one - 3.6%. At the highest conversion, the concentration of n-alkanes C8-C13 in liquid oil paraffin increased by 28% rel., and the concentration of n-alkanes C18-C22 - by 36% rel. The information obtained allows predicting the influence of the short-chain n-alkanes present in the oil feed on alterations of its hydrocarbon and fraction composition after cavitation.